lecture 1.2 Flashcards
galton wrote which book
hereditary genius
galton noted that
people differ in intelligence
galton introduced the notion of
heritabilityof intelligence ie runs in family
who was a cousin of darwin
galton
what was galtons main method
twin studies; comparing identical and fraternal
what did galton introduce
psychophysical test of measurment ie vision, hearing, reaction time
cattell did what with perceptual abilities
tests such as two point threshold, reaction time, letter span and letter cancelation
cattells hypothesis
measuring the brains ability of efficiency should reflect intellectual ability
what did cattells test not correlate well with
grades
another validation study done by wissler used what
then new techniques of correlation to investigate cattels tests
what were the results of wisslers study
tests did not correlate well with one another- implying cannot be measured for a single trait
what was the original spark for the binet and simon test
asked to identify children who needed special services in school
what did they use to describe the level of intelligence
mental age- binet notices people seem smarter as they age
how do we interpret iq scores
stern proposed intelligent quotient later taken by terman
how do we measure iq
mental age diveded by chronological age x 100
if childs mental age = his chronological age where would his iq be evaluated at
100- the mean
goddard did what to binets test
imported it but was too enthusiastic about his french scale- translated to english later
what did goddard do in 1910
presented his data on the binet test, collected from testing residents at institution also said that “IQ tests are not being widley used”
goddard was asked what by the government
to study immigrants arriving at ellis island
what did goddard claim when studying the immigrants
80% were feebleminded
terman helped with what for the iq
improving the american version and added new items
terman did what differently when studying childrens iqs
standardized over 1000 aged 4-14, used schools in a representative area so sample was much more representative
why was it called the stanford binet test
terman studied at stanford
roberty yerkes did what
group testing in ww1
what did yerkes decide in terms of individual testing
too time consuming so he developed group testing
robert yerkes developed tests for the…
literate and illeterat
what were the two tests by yerkes called
alpha and beta
what was the alpha test
verbal analogies, series completions, and synonyms and antonyms; roughly equivalent to verbal IQ and crystalized intelligence
what was the beta test
completing pictures, visual search, coding tasks, roughly equivalent to performance or fluid iq
what did yerkes group testing conclude
decline with their national background
western and northern europe= higher
southers and eastern europe= lower
why were these findings concluded in yerkes test
highly correlated with time in us, english competence and schooling
what did goddard say about yerkes beta test
corelated with his belief that there were feebile minded people from certain areas
goddard then suggested that… because he believed the group differences were real
reproduction and immigration control
eugenics
curbing feeble-mindedness
goddard and the kallikak family
- man had two wives
- children with both
- one line had feeblemindedness
- goddard believed it was a well controlled comparison
- feeblemindedness was controlled by a single gene
eugenics according to goddard and terman
mating should not be allowed- no feeble minded person should become a parent- main uses of IQ tests was to identify feeblemindedness so they could be brought under surveillance and protection of society
eugenics started way before iq tests in america so
how could immigrants have caused this
methodological issues with kallikak data
all assesments did not use iq tests
assessments were done by young middle-class assistants
data not collected blindly
biases based on expectation, possibility of fraud
1920s goddard did what
revised his position and stated that he was wrong for his most famous conclusions- changed opinion on morons and such
david wechler (king)
clinical psychologist created test in late 30s for adults and children wais
