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PSYC 310 > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

cognitive theories entail

A

what cognitive processes are involved in intelligent performance

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2
Q

iq tests always show a

A

positive manifold

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3
Q

what is a positive manifold

A

when there is a positive correlation between two things

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4
Q

simple sensory testing who spiked interest in it

A

galton, spearman, Wissler

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5
Q

what were the three men looking for

A

simple sensory measure as an index of intelligence

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6
Q

what was the premise of the simple sensory testing

A

more intelligent people are more efficient at fine sensory discrimination

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7
Q

what were they looking for with the simple sensory testing

A

correlation between simple sensory measures and IQ

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8
Q

the recorded time indicates

A

accuracy with which the system processes inputs and produces outputs+ time needed for basic decision making

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9
Q

early studies done for line test correlation

A

-0.8 and 0.9

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10
Q

nettelbeck and lally 1976 correlation

A

included people who had low iq so the wide range inflated the size of the correlation- when corrected the estimate was -0.5

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11
Q

later meta analysis correlation

A

approx -0.3 and -0.5 if corrected for restrictio n

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12
Q

very dissimilar tests are highly

A

correlated and are loaded in g

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13
Q

the paradigm

A

starting position
reaction time
movement time

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14
Q

findings of the paradigm by jensen

A

simple reaction time without choices
tiny increase n correlation with number of alternatives

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15
Q

hicks law

A

fire together wire togetehr
reaction time = LOG number of options

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16
Q

jensons initial data came from university students which meant

A

restricted range of IQ

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17
Q

why does reaction time correlate with iQ

A

differens in learning or practice effect
differences in sustained attention
differences in attentional lapses

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18
Q

reaction time decreases with practice for

A

all individuals

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19
Q

high iq people show greater

A

learning ability

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20
Q

correlation between IQ and variability of RT is about

A

0.2

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21
Q

performance on sustained attention correlates

A

with reaction time

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22
Q

peoples…. rather than…. correlated best with iq

A

longer reaction times, shorter reaction times

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23
Q

conclusion of rt

A

it is too poorly correlated wiht iq to be an explanation of g

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24
Q

theoretical problem 1 of studies on simple/choice reaction time tasks

A

slope of rt is supposed correlate with iq

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25
Q

theoretical problem 2 of studies on simple/choice reaction time tasks

A

mean MT correlated with IQ (movement time)

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26
Q

theoretical problem 3 of studies on simple/choice reaction time tasks

A

low reliability ; good split half reliability ; low test-retest reliability

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27
Q

Why does inspection time correlate with IQ

A

suggests that sustained attention is crucial so longer apart the tests are the less likely you are to perform well

28
Q

what is correlation driven by

A

processing speed and perceptual reasoning scales on wais

29
Q

what is not the central process behind all tests that explain the positive manifold

A

inspection time

30
Q

inspection time measures mostly

A

speed of processing not raw mental power of g

31
Q

gf increases through… peaks in.. and declines

A

adolescence, early to mid 20s, thereafter

32
Q

timothy salthouse suggests

A

decline in fluid ability is result of slowing of processing speed

33
Q

limited time mechnism

A

slower processes occupy available time higher level processes may not have time to be executed

34
Q

simultaneity mechanism

A

because of slowing, product of first processes may be lost when later processes are completed

35
Q

salthouses theory

A

several speed factors at work; not endorsing decline of speek with aging is due to a single factor

36
Q

what do people do in order to compensate for their lack in slower processing

A

adapt their strategies

37
Q

salthouses theory does not explain intelligence per se, but

A

explains the decline in GF in late life

38
Q

salthouse points out an important factor to consider when designing education and training for old adults

A

speed of processing!

39
Q

cowans theory of intelligence

A

the larger the working memory the more complex the ideas can be, the more complex the learnings can be

40
Q

… helps dealing with large amount of info in working memory …

A

knowledge, reducing the wm load by chunking

41
Q

digit span forward

A

simple memory span

42
Q

digit span backward, digist span re-ordering, letter-number sequencing

A

working memory span

43
Q

arithmetic

A

mathematical skills, working memory, and executive wm

44
Q

substantial positive correlations between measures of

A

working memory and IQ reported

45
Q

working memory spans show robust correlations with

A

scholastic aptitude and gf

46
Q

individuals with high gf scores also provide faster

A

reaction times and working memory

47
Q

kyllonen and christals 1990

A

ran 4 experiments on wm
n= 2100 air force recruits
paper pencil tests evaluating : reasoning, speed, general knowledge and wm

48
Q

what were the findings of the kyllonen and christals study

A

correlations between reasoning and working memory in four experiments were 0.8–0.88
working memory plays a central role in intelligence

49
Q

working memory still correlates with gf even when we take out

A

variance related to digist span forward and backward

50
Q

iq and ef in short

A

they correlate frequently and significantly

51
Q

gc tasks not as strongly correlated as

A

ef tasks

52
Q

executive functioning is NOT

A

unitary

53
Q

hunt and cognitive correlates theory

A

participants are tested using cognitive psychology experimental paradigms to inform about basic cognitive abilities

54
Q

what was hunts theory looking for

A

correlation between tests goal= identify the cognitive components involved in each tests

55
Q

what were hunts conclusions on his study

A

verbal ability appeared to be related to rapidity of processes in short term memory
quantitative ability appeared to be related to resistance to interference in memory

56
Q

sternberg and the cognitive components theory

A

investigated the analogy
model had 7 processing components

57
Q

what were the 7 components in sternbergs model

A

encoding, inference, mapping, application, justification, comparison, and response

58
Q

the sub component encoding had a

A

significant correlation with reasoning in positive direction

59
Q

sub component inference and mapping had

A

negative correlation with gf ; indicates these component latencies are not measuring simple speed of reasoning

60
Q

sub component response execution was

A

strongly correlated negatively with reasoning

61
Q

what was the interpretation of sternbergs study

A

intelligent individuals would spend more time on encoding but less on inference and application

62
Q

sternberg and gardner worked together and did what to the model

A

extended it on 2 other typical iq tasks : series completion and classification- replicated sternbergs original findings

63
Q

criticisms of sternberg and gardner

A

lack of generality; how is it explaining real life circumstances of intelligence

64
Q

mutualism theory premise

A

cognitive processes have mutual beneficial or facilitating relations ; each process supports the development of other processes

65
Q

associationist theory

A

tests that load high on g are simply tasks that sample a high proportion of these millions processes

66
Q
A

PSYC 310 (13 decks)

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