lecture 4 Flashcards by NICOLLETA Panos

cognitive theories entail

what cognitive processes are involved in intelligent performance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

iq tests always show a

positive manifold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a positive manifold

when there is a positive correlation between two things

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

simple sensory testing who spiked interest in it

galton, spearman, Wissler

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what were the three men looking for

simple sensory measure as an index of intelligence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what was the premise of the simple sensory testing

more intelligent people are more efficient at fine sensory discrimination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what were they looking for with the simple sensory testing

correlation between simple sensory measures and IQ

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the recorded time indicates

accuracy with which the system processes inputs and produces outputs+ time needed for basic decision making

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

early studies done for line test correlation

-0.8 and 0.9

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nettelbeck and lally 1976 correlation

included people who had low iq so the wide range inflated the size of the correlation- when corrected the estimate was -0.5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

later meta analysis correlation

approx -0.3 and -0.5 if corrected for restrictio n

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

very dissimilar tests are highly

correlated and are loaded in g

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the paradigm

starting position
reaction time
movement time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

findings of the paradigm by jensen

simple reaction time without choices
tiny increase n correlation with number of alternatives

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hicks law

fire together wire togetehr
reaction time = LOG number of options

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

jensons initial data came from university students which meant

restricted range of IQ

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why does reaction time correlate with iQ

differens in learning or practice effect
differences in sustained attention
differences in attentional lapses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

reaction time decreases with practice for

all individuals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

high iq people show greater

learning ability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

correlation between IQ and variability of RT is about

0.2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

performance on sustained attention correlates

with reaction time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

peoples…. rather than…. correlated best with iq

longer reaction times, shorter reaction times

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

conclusion of rt

it is too poorly correlated wiht iq to be an explanation of g

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

theoretical problem 1 of studies on simple/choice reaction time tasks

slope of rt is supposed correlate with iq

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

theoretical problem 2 of studies on simple/choice reaction time tasks

mean MT correlated with IQ (movement time)

theoretical problem 3 of studies on simple/choice reaction time tasks

low reliability ; good split half reliability ; low test-retest reliability

Why does inspection time correlate with IQ

suggests that sustained attention is crucial so longer apart the tests are the less likely you are to perform well

what is correlation driven by

processing speed and perceptual reasoning scales on wais

what is not the central process behind all tests that explain the positive manifold

inspection time

inspection time measures mostly

speed of processing not raw mental power of g

gf increases through... peaks in.. and declines

adolescence, early to mid 20s, thereafter

timothy salthouse suggests

decline in fluid ability is result of slowing of processing speed

limited time mechnism

slower processes occupy available time higher level processes may not have time to be executed

simultaneity mechanism

because of slowing, product of first processes may be lost when later processes are completed

salthouses theory

several speed factors at work; not endorsing decline of speek with aging is due to a single factor

what do people do in order to compensate for their lack in slower processing

adapt their strategies

salthouses theory does not explain intelligence per se, but

explains the decline in GF in late life

salthouse points out an important factor to consider when designing education and training for old adults

speed of processing!

cowans theory of intelligence

the larger the working memory the more complex the ideas can be, the more complex the learnings can be

... helps dealing with large amount of info in working memory ...

knowledge, reducing the wm load by chunking

digit span forward

simple memory span

digit span backward, digist span re-ordering, letter-number sequencing

working memory span

arithmetic

mathematical skills, working memory, and executive wm

substantial positive correlations between measures of

working memory and IQ reported

working memory spans show robust correlations with

scholastic aptitude and gf

individuals with high gf scores also provide faster

reaction times and working memory

kyllonen and christals 1990

ran 4 experiments on wm n= 2100 air force recruits paper pencil tests evaluating : reasoning, speed, general knowledge and wm

what were the findings of the kyllonen and christals study

correlations between reasoning and working memory in four experiments were 0.8--0.88 working memory plays a central role in intelligence

working memory still correlates with gf even when we take out

variance related to digist span forward and backward

iq and ef in short

they correlate frequently and significantly

gc tasks not as strongly correlated as

ef tasks

executive functioning is NOT

unitary

hunt and cognitive correlates theory

participants are tested using cognitive psychology experimental paradigms to inform about basic cognitive abilities

what was hunts theory looking for

correlation between tests goal= identify the cognitive components involved in each tests

what were hunts conclusions on his study

verbal ability appeared to be related to rapidity of processes in short term memory quantitative ability appeared to be related to resistance to interference in memory

sternberg and the cognitive components theory

investigated the analogy model had 7 processing components

what were the 7 components in sternbergs model

encoding, inference, mapping, application, justification, comparison, and response

the sub component encoding had a

significant correlation with reasoning in positive direction

sub component inference and mapping had

negative correlation with gf ; indicates these component latencies are not measuring simple speed of reasoning

sub component response execution was

strongly correlated negatively with reasoning

what was the interpretation of sternbergs study

intelligent individuals would spend more time on encoding but less on inference and application

sternberg and gardner worked together and did what to the model

extended it on 2 other typical iq tasks : series completion and classification- replicated sternbergs original findings

criticisms of sternberg and gardner

lack of generality; how is it explaining real life circumstances of intelligence

mutualism theory premise

cognitive processes have mutual beneficial or facilitating relations ; each process supports the development of other processes

associationist theory

tests that load high on g are simply tasks that sample a high proportion of these millions processes