lecture 3 Flashcards
what are the four main types of intelligence theories
psychometric
cognitive
cognitive-contextual
biological
where did psychometric theories stem from
studying individual differences in performance on cognitive tests
once the iq test scores are analyzed, we find
underlying cognitive ability ie factors eg verbal ability, reasoning
caveats of psychomentric testing
results of such approach depend crucially on sampling of tests used
resulting psychometric theories are interwined with…
selected mathematical techniques used to analyze the correlational data
what are typical questions in psychometric theories
what is the structure of human intelligence and what is importance of general intelligence
main theories of psychometric theories
spearmans g
thurstone primary ability
chc model
spearmans two factor theory
first to develop theory of intelligence based on psychometrics and performed his own experiment in 1904
what were the measures of intelligence in spearmans experiment
school achievment- school achievment corrected for age- teachers impressions of students and common sense as evaluated by interview
meausres of spearmans experiment
discrimination of pitches, shades of gray and weights
what did spearman assume
all measures of sensory discrimination and intelligence should be perfectly intercorrelated
given spearmans assumptions, what did he do with his data
corrected the correlation so that it was a 1.00 correlation which was overcorrection making the data unreliable
what did spearman believe
intelligence is unitary and interpersonal difference in intelligence
what is g
not clear, could be what is common to all tests of intellectual ability; could be neural plasticity of the blood; g is mental enegery
two factors theory of intelligence
g- general intelligence, genetic, stable, necessary for all intellectual tasks
s- specific ability related to task, skills can be developed, tasks have various g loading
thurstone disagreed with spearman about what
single overarching g factor
thurstones view on g
the mind was dominated by several group factors
thurstone colected data from 240 students doing 56 ability tests what did he find
7-9 factors
what did thurstone use for his belief in g
used a confirmatory factor analysis technique
what was factor analysis role in thurstones theory
reveal the independent factors then knowing them can develop tests assessing them
vernon added to the debate how
hierarchical models - multilevel - the structure of human abilities
cattells views
supervised by spearman - view as highly shaped by environment
what was cattell not a fan of
notion of a general factor of intelligence
cattel introduced the notion that
deterioration in adults was not uniform across all tests but differential
according to cattell was showed the least decline across lifespan
vocabulary, information, verbal comprehension
according to cattell what showed the greatest declines across lifespan
speeded tasks, abstract problem-solving, unfamiliar performances
the former became referred to as…. and latter…
crystallized and fluid
cattells investment theory
people invest their fluid intelligence to acquire specific skills, strategies and knowledge in all kinds of fields
horn
cattells doctoral students and suggested other forms of intelligence exist beyond Gc Gf
gv spatial intelligence includes
vz, s, cf, cs, dft
vz stabds for
visualization; process of imagining the way objects may change as they move in space
s stands for
spatial orientation; maintaining orientation with respect to objects in space
cf/cs stand for
flexibility closer/ speed closure keeping configurations in mind and finding the gestalt among disparate parts in visual field
dft stands for
adaptive flexibility; maintaining a flexibility concerning other possible structuring of elements in space
gs general speediness includes
sc, wf, p
sc stands for
speed copying
wf stands for
writing flexibility
p stands for
perceptual speed
horn that Gs was the by product of
of difficult the test is to a person
horn though that gs is measured
mostly purely simple writing and checking tasks
horns view on g
did not agree with the value of g; rejects the notion that general intelligence esists whether comprised of one or two gs
the gf-gc theory to horn
questions the belief that conglomerate measured by combining subscores from a collection of intelliectual tests in the best estimate of intelligence
horn adds more factors such as
glr -fluency of retrieval long term storage
gsm- short term apprehension and retrieval
ga- auditory processing
gq- math and quantitative abilities
grw- reading and writing ability
cds- correct decision speed, rapidity in providing correct not merely quick responses
carrolls three stratum model
alanyzed 2000 datasets - wanted to provide extensions to and expansions of existing theoretical models
what were carrolls analysis on his model
exploratory not confirmed- insisted upon the use of exploratory rather than confirmatory because he wished to allow the data to speak for itself
what does carroll do with the chc model
further develops it - three stratum model - includes a strtum above essentially the same as g
what did carrolls analysis reveal at the narrow ability level
65 primary first-order factors
what did carrolls analysis reveal at the broader ability level
only 8 broad abilities
mcgrew analysis
joint confirmatory factor analyses and found 9 broad abilities and 36 narrow
mcgrews newest version of chc theory is currently
being used to revise the factorial structure of IQ test and their subtests
shows all tests in IQ battery.. to correlate
tend; tendency for all scores to be in the same range for one person
