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mcat psych/soc lectures > lecture 6 > Flashcards

lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

limbic system is located where? what is it associated with?

A

located on both sides of the thalamus. it is associated with emotions, memory, and motivation

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2
Q

thalamus relays what

A

info to different specific lobes but smell isnt relayed here

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3
Q

hypothalamus regulates what? what structures does it use to do this?

A

regulates homeostasis (-) feedback through ANS and pituitary gland

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4
Q

hippocampus

A

learning and memory. this is used for episodic and semantic memory

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5
Q

amygdala

A

fear and other (-) emotions

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6
Q

what side of the eye focuses on left side info

A

the right side of the eye and vise versa

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7
Q

ionic sensory memory

A

ionic=visual and it lasts about 200-300 ms

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8
Q

what is the sequence of structures that allows visual info to be taken in to CNS

A

eye, optic nerve, thalamus, then occipital lobe

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9
Q

what measurement techniques are used for function of the brain? which is best

A

PET, fMRI and EEG . fMRI is best. measures brain changes

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10
Q

what measurement techniques are used for structure of the brain?

A

MRI, CT scan, takes a picture of brain

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11
Q

changes in synaptic connections in the brain comes from

A
  1. neural plasticity
  2. long term potentiation
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12
Q

neural plasticity

A

changes in the brain due to learning, thinking, behavior, etc

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13
Q

long term potentiation

A

connections between neurons strengthen

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14
Q

systems consolidation

A

process of getting long term memories into you neocortex

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15
Q

what are the three steps of memory? define them

A

encoding: transfer of sensation into our memory system
storage: retaining info in short or long term
retrieval: extracting info that has been stored

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16
Q

multi store model is what

A

sensory memory that is unattended is lost but if its attended, it goes to short term if rehearsed, it goes to long term memory

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17
Q

serial position effects

A

the tendency to remember the first and last items of a list better than those in the middle . PRIMARY EFFECT (FIRST STUFF) AND RECENCY EFFECT (LAST STUFF)

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18
Q

how many items can people usually remember from a list

A

about 7 plus or minus 2

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19
Q

baddeleys model of working memory breaks down into

A

central executive to phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.

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20
Q

what is central executive

A

responsible for coordination of subsystems shifting between tasks and attention

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21
Q

what is phonological loop? what memory does it store info to

A

short term with auditory rehearsal and sends it to semantic verbal memory

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22
Q

what is visuospatial sketchpad? what memory does it store info to

A

temporary storage and manipulation of spatial and visual info and sends it to semantic visual memory

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23
Q

what is episodic buffer? what memory does it store info to

A

info integration linking to long term memory and sends it to episodic memory

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24
Q

what is encoding? what does it encode?

A

it is the process of transforming info into a form that is easily stored in our brains. it encodes semantic (meaning), acoustic (sound), visual, and elaborative (association with previous long term mem)

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25
Q

what are the five encoding strategies?

A

rehearsal, chucking, elaboration, mnemonics and spacing

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26
Q

what is chunking

A

grouping related info together into chunks

27
Q

what is elaboration

A

intertwining info using previous memory self reference

28
Q

what is spacing

A

material learning spaced out

29
Q

define sensory mem, ST mem, and LT mem

A

sensory: from our senses
ST: rehearsal buffer decays in ms and encoding is usually acoustic
Lt: permanent storage, encoding is usually semantic

30
Q

long term memory is broken down into what? break it down even further if needed

A

LT memory is broken down into explicit memory and implicit memory. explicit is broken down into episodic and semantic. implicit is broken down into procedural, classical conditioning, and priming

31
Q

what is explicit memory? implicit?

A

explicit: conscious recall (declarative)
implicit: unconscious recall (nondeclarative)

32
Q

what is episodic memory? semantic?

A

episode: events you have personally experiences
semantic: your general knowledge of info/facts

33
Q

what is procedural memory? what is priming

A

procedural: learning motor skills
priming: when exposure to one stimulus influences the response of another

34
Q

what is spreading activation?

A

the name of the process that computes activation values over a set of chunks like doctor to health to drugs to plants

35
Q

what is retrieval cues?

A

any stimulus that assists in memory retrieval

36
Q

what is the encoding specificity effect? define

A

context dependent memory: better retrieving info when in same space where it was learned
state dependent memory:: better retrieving into when in same emotional state when it was learned

37
Q

what is free recall? serial recall? cued recalled

A

free recall: unordered recall of any retrieved into
serial recall: remember the elements in a exact order
cued recall: prompted recall

38
Q

what is recognition? relearning?

A

recognition: multiple choice test when seeing answers
relearning: easier to relearn something than to start from scratch

39
Q

flashbulb memory? eidetic memory?

A

flashbulb: people can remember great detail about their episodic memory usually big high emotions
eidetic: photographic memory

40
Q

reproductive memory?

A

accurate retrieval of info from memory without significant changes

41
Q

what is dual coding theory? levels of processing model?

A

dual coding theory: theory that if you combine pictures with words, it helps with memory retrieval
levels of processing model: focuses on the depth of processing involved with memory. more deeper info, longer memory will last

42
Q

what is reminiscence bump

A

older adults generally remember events they experiences from 10-30 years old better than other time period

43
Q

method of loci? peg words?

A

method of loci: a method of memory retention in which the person uses spatial info to recall list of words
peg words: a mem technique where a person connects words to numbers and created association

44
Q

what is intrusion errors? what is the reconstructive process?

A

intrusion errors: substitution of an often semantically meaning word during free or serial recall. (lion instead of tiger)
reconstructive process: each time memory is retrieved, the pathway gets stronger but things can get altered

45
Q

what is displacement in memory

A

when remembering one item on a list removed another item on the list in memory

46
Q

what causes forgetting in sensory, ST mem, and LT mem

A

sensory: info decays
ST: decay, intrusion, displacement
LT: all same at ST memory but with retrieval failure

47
Q

what is trace delay theory? retrival failure?

A

trace delay: if you never use the path to rehearse the stimulus, youll forget it
retrieval failure: when you have info but dont have the right cue or content to access it

48
Q

what is interference? define both kinds

A

interference is when competing material makes it hard to encode to retrieve it .
proactive: prior info interference
retroactive: recent info interference

49
Q

what memories improve when we age?

A

semantic and emotional intelligence

50
Q

what memories stay stable when we age?

A

implicit and crystallized mem (ability to retrieve info)

51
Q

what memories declines when we age?

A

episodic, source, divided attention and processing speed

52
Q

source monitoring error? false memories?

A

source monitoring: misIDing the origin of info
false memories: an invented or distorted recollect of event that didnt happen

53
Q

misinfo effect

A

when episodic memories become less accurate because post event info works to distort actual event

54
Q

anterograde amnesia vs retrograde amnesia

A

antero: cant make new memories
retro: cant remember old ones

55
Q

what is korsakoffs syndrome

A

lack of thiamine vitamin B1 , chronic memory disorder

56
Q

what is nonassociative learning? what are the three kinds?

A

nonassociative learning is when an organism changes the magnitude of its response due to repeated exposure. there habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization

57
Q

habituation

A

occurs when the response diminishes as person gets used to it

58
Q

dishabituation

A

person who had gotten used to it, recovers its responsiveness

59
Q

sensitization

A

increases responsiveness and arousal

60
Q

what is classical learning/conditioning

A

a process in which 2 stimuli are paired in a way that the response to one of the stimuli changes

61
Q

what is generalization

A

when stimuli other than OG stimuli elicit the conditioned response

62
Q

what is discrimination in classical learning

A

when conditioned stimulus is distinguished from other similar stimuli and its the only thing that elicits the conditioned response

63
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

a process in which reinforcement and punishment are employed to mold behavioral response

64
Q

operant conditioning came from who? what did he believe?

A

BF skinner and believed that behavior that is reinforced tends to be repeated and if not reinforced, it dies out

mcat psych/soc lectures (7 decks)

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