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mcat psych/soc lectures > lecture 6 > Flashcards

lecture 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

limbic system is located where? what is it associated with?

A

located on both sides of the thalamus. it is associated with emotions, memory, and motivation

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2
Q

thalamus relays what

A

info to different specific lobes but smell isnt relayed here

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3
Q

hypothalamus regulates what? what structures does it use to do this?

A

regulates homeostasis (-) feedback through ANS and pituitary gland

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4
Q

hippocampus

A

learning and memory. this is used for episodic and semantic memory

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5
Q

amygdala

A

fear and other (-) emotions

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6
Q

what side of the eye focuses on left side info

A

the right side of the eye and vise versa

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7
Q

ionic sensory memory

A

ionic=visual and it lasts about 200-300 ms

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8
Q

what is the sequence of structures that allows visual info to be taken in to CNS

A

eye, optic nerve, thalamus, then occipital lobe

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9
Q

what measurement techniques are used for function of the brain? which is best

A

PET, fMRI and EEG . fMRI is best. measures brain changes

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10
Q

what measurement techniques are used for structure of the brain?

A

MRI, CT scan, takes a picture of brain

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11
Q

changes in synaptic connections in the brain comes from

A
  1. neural plasticity
  2. long term potentiation
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12
Q

neural plasticity

A

changes in the brain due to learning, thinking, behavior, etc

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13
Q

long term potentiation

A

connections between neurons strengthen

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14
Q

systems consolidation

A

process of getting long term memories into you neocortex

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15
Q

what are the three steps of memory? define them

A

encoding: transfer of sensation into our memory system
storage: retaining info in short or long term
retrieval: extracting info that has been stored

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16
Q

multi store model is what

A

sensory memory that is unattended is lost but if its attended, it goes to short term if rehearsed, it goes to long term memory

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17
Q

serial position effects

A

the tendency to remember the first and last items of a list better than those in the middle . PRIMARY EFFECT (FIRST STUFF) AND RECENCY EFFECT (LAST STUFF)

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18
Q

how many items can people usually remember from a list

A

about 7 plus or minus 2

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19
Q

baddeleys model of working memory breaks down into

A

central executive to phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.

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20
Q

what is central executive

A

responsible for coordination of subsystems shifting between tasks and attention

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21
Q

what is phonological loop? what memory does it store info to

A

short term with auditory rehearsal and sends it to semantic verbal memory

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22
Q

what is visuospatial sketchpad? what memory does it store info to

A

temporary storage and manipulation of spatial and visual info and sends it to semantic visual memory

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23
Q

what is episodic buffer? what memory does it store info to

A

info integration linking to long term memory and sends it to episodic memory

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24
Q

what is encoding? what does it encode?

A

it is the process of transforming info into a form that is easily stored in our brains. it encodes semantic (meaning), acoustic (sound), visual, and elaborative (association with previous long term mem)

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25
what are the five encoding strategies?
rehearsal, chucking, elaboration, mnemonics and spacing
26
what is chunking
grouping related info together into chunks
27
what is elaboration
intertwining info using previous memory self reference
28
what is spacing
material learning spaced out
29
define sensory mem, ST mem, and LT mem
sensory: from our senses ST: rehearsal buffer decays in ms and encoding is usually acoustic Lt: permanent storage, encoding is usually semantic
30
long term memory is broken down into what? break it down even further if needed
LT memory is broken down into explicit memory and implicit memory. explicit is broken down into episodic and semantic. implicit is broken down into procedural, classical conditioning, and priming
31
what is explicit memory? implicit?
explicit: conscious recall (declarative) implicit: unconscious recall (nondeclarative)
32
what is episodic memory? semantic?
episode: events you have personally experiences semantic: your general knowledge of info/facts
33
what is procedural memory? what is priming
procedural: learning motor skills priming: when exposure to one stimulus influences the response of another
34
what is spreading activation?
the name of the process that computes activation values over a set of chunks like doctor to health to drugs to plants
35
what is retrieval cues?
any stimulus that assists in memory retrieval
36
what is the encoding specificity effect? define
context dependent memory: better retrieving info when in same space where it was learned state dependent memory:: better retrieving into when in same emotional state when it was learned
37
what is free recall? serial recall? cued recalled
free recall: unordered recall of any retrieved into serial recall: remember the elements in a exact order cued recall: prompted recall
38
what is recognition? relearning?
recognition: multiple choice test when seeing answers relearning: easier to relearn something than to start from scratch
39
flashbulb memory? eidetic memory?
flashbulb: people can remember great detail about their episodic memory usually big high emotions eidetic: photographic memory
40
reproductive memory?
accurate retrieval of info from memory without significant changes
41
what is dual coding theory? levels of processing model?
dual coding theory: theory that if you combine pictures with words, it helps with memory retrieval levels of processing model: focuses on the depth of processing involved with memory. more deeper info, longer memory will last
42
what is reminiscence bump
older adults generally remember events they experiences from 10-30 years old better than other time period
43
method of loci? peg words?
method of loci: a method of memory retention in which the person uses spatial info to recall list of words peg words: a mem technique where a person connects words to numbers and created association
44
what is intrusion errors? what is the reconstructive process?
intrusion errors: substitution of an often semantically meaning word during free or serial recall. (lion instead of tiger) reconstructive process: each time memory is retrieved, the pathway gets stronger but things can get altered
45
what is displacement in memory
when remembering one item on a list removed another item on the list in memory
46
what causes forgetting in sensory, ST mem, and LT mem
sensory: info decays ST: decay, intrusion, displacement LT: all same at ST memory but with retrieval failure
47
what is trace delay theory? retrival failure?
trace delay: if you never use the path to rehearse the stimulus, youll forget it retrieval failure: when you have info but dont have the right cue or content to access it
48
what is interference? define both kinds
interference is when competing material makes it hard to encode to retrieve it . proactive: prior info interference retroactive: recent info interference
49
what memories improve when we age?
semantic and emotional intelligence
50
what memories stay stable when we age?
implicit and crystallized mem (ability to retrieve info)
51
what memories declines when we age?
episodic, source, divided attention and processing speed
52
source monitoring error? false memories?
source monitoring: misIDing the origin of info false memories: an invented or distorted recollect of event that didnt happen
53
misinfo effect
when episodic memories become less accurate because post event info works to distort actual event
54
anterograde amnesia vs retrograde amnesia
antero: cant make new memories retro: cant remember old ones
55
what is korsakoffs syndrome
lack of thiamine vitamin B1 , chronic memory disorder
56
what is nonassociative learning? what are the three kinds?
nonassociative learning is when an organism changes the magnitude of its response due to repeated exposure. there habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization
57
habituation
occurs when the response diminishes as person gets used to it
58
dishabituation
person who had gotten used to it, recovers its responsiveness
59
sensitization
increases responsiveness and arousal
60
what is classical learning/conditioning
a process in which 2 stimuli are paired in a way that the response to one of the stimuli changes
61
what is generalization
when stimuli other than OG stimuli elicit the conditioned response
62
what is discrimination in classical learning
when conditioned stimulus is distinguished from other similar stimuli and its the only thing that elicits the conditioned response
63
what is operant conditioning
a process in which reinforcement and punishment are employed to mold behavioral response
64
operant conditioning came from who? what did he believe?
BF skinner and believed that behavior that is reinforced tends to be repeated and if not reinforced, it dies out

mcat psych/soc lectures (7 decks)

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