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mcat psych/soc lectures > lecture 3 > Flashcards

lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

social identities vs personal identities

A

social: religion, sex, occupation personal: reserved, funny, kind

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2
Q

impression management (self presentation)

A

the process whereby we attempt to manage our own image by influencing the perceptions of others

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3
Q

dramaturgical perspective

A

stems from symbolic interactionism- we play different roles based on who we are with

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4
Q

back stage vs front stage

A

back: let down your guard and act like ourselves
front: we craft the way we come across to others

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5
Q

self concept (self id, self construction)

A

all your beliefs about who you are as an individual

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6
Q

personal id + social id=

A

self concept

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7
Q

self schemas

A

beliefs and ideas you have about yourself they guide and organize the processing of info that is relevant to you

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8
Q

self efficacy (high/low)

A

how good you think you are at doing something
high self efficacy: what you think youre good at
low self efficacy: what you think youre bad at

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9
Q

self clarity

A

having accurate assessments of self efficacy

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10
Q

locus of control (internal/external)

A

whether you think you have control over what happens to you
internal: you believe you have control
external: you believe you dont have control ex, surrounding, environment, god, luck

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11
Q

seligman experiment

A

exp on dogs exposed to an aversive stimulus (-)
control group 1: harnessed but no shock
control group 2: harnessed but could press lever to avoid shock
exp group: harnessed but had to endure shock

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12
Q

in seligman experiment, which group do you think when unharnessed would continue to take the shock

A

experimental due to learned helplessness (LOW SELF EEFICACY AND EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL)

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13
Q

aversive control

A

when behavior is motivated by the reality or threat of something unpleasant happening, achieved through avoidance conditioning or learning

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14
Q

escape behavior

A

termination of an unpredicted unpleasant stimulus that has already occured ex. bright light in face–> move head away

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15
Q

avoidance behavior

A

avoidance of a predictable unpleasant stimulus before its initiated ex. bright light and you know youre sensitive to light so you wear sunglasses

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16
Q

learned helplessness means

A

means they have been conditioned previously ex. obese person trying to lose weight and failed vs obese person just accepts it because its out of their hands because it depends on external fate

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17
Q

self esteem

A

beliefs about ones ones self worth

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18
Q

social learning theory or social cognitive theory

A

learning takes place in social contexts and can occur purely through observation even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement ex. role model

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19
Q

reference group

A

a standard ex. med students, mcat test takers

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20
Q

social comparison theory

A

we all have a drive to gain accurate self evaluations by comparing ourselves to others. our identity will be shaped by these comparisons and the types of reference groups we have

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21
Q

affective is what

A

emotional

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22
Q

social identity theory: perspective taking

A

the ability to understand the cognitive and affective aspects of another persons POV: role taking

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23
Q

empathy is made up of

A

role/perspective taking and vicarious emotions

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24
Q

moral identity

A

the degree to which being a moral person is important to a persons identity

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25
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development preconventional

A

age: toddlers and children stage: punishment and obedience and self interest why obey rules: to avoid punishment

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26
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development conventional

A

age: most teens and adults stage: conforming and interpersonal accord and authority and social order why obey rules: for approval and maintain social order

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27
Q

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development postconventional

A

age: estimated only 15% of adult population stage: social control and universal principals why obey rules: individuals establishes own set of rules in accordance with personal ethical principles

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28
Q

social facilitation

A

mere presence effect, audience makes you perform better (FOR WELL PRACTICED TASKS)

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29
Q

social facilitation effect

A

tendency of performance to improve for simple, well ingrained tasks tends to NOT OCCUR for new complex tasks

30
Q

hawthorne effect

A

knowing you are part of an experiment can alter your behavior

31
Q

deindividuation

A

people engage in impulsive, deviant, and sometimes violent acts in moments of high arousal with a low degree of personal responsibility, we lose sense of restraint and our individual identity

32
Q

bystander effect

A

most people are less likely to help a victim when other people are present

33
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

the tendency that the larger group, the less likely individuals in the group will act or take responsibility (let someone else do it)

34
Q

social loafing

A

when people work in a group, each person is less likely to exert individual effort than if they were working independently

35
Q

peer pressure

A

situations in which people feel directly or indirectly pressure to change their behavior to match that of their peers OCCURS ONLY IN SOCIAL GROUPS THAT ARE CLOSE IN AGE AND SHARE INTERESTS

36
Q

group think

A

i when trying to reach a consensus, the group tends to not think critically of the alternative view points and this leads to internal/dysfunctional decision making, occurs when people are overly optimistic and demonize their opponents, people tend to censor themselves, PEOPLE NOT INGROUPS MAKE BETTER DECISIONS

37
Q

group think is synonymous with

A

group conformity

38
Q

group polarization

A

when people in a group agrees with the preexisting views of a group intensifying. the avg view moves to one pole (echo chamber) ex. i agree with abortion, in a group that believes in abortion, i become even more in agreence to abortion

39
Q

conformity

A

you adjust your behavior or thinking based on the behavior or thinking of others

40
Q

obedience

A

when people yield to explicit instructions or order from an authority figure

41
Q

attribution theory

A

supposes that one attempts to understand the behaviors of others by attributing feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them.

42
Q

dispositional attribution

A

internal causes, this person cut me on the road because theyre an ass

43
Q

situational attribution

A

external causes, this person cut me off because they need to poop

44
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

when we attribute another person behavior to their personality

45
Q

actor observer bias

A

when we attribute OUR OWN actions to situations (situational attribution) but attribute other peoples actions to their internal attribution/ personality

46
Q

self serving bias

A

when we attribute our successes to ourselves and our failures to others

47
Q

optimism bias

A

when we believe that bad things happen to other people but not ourselves

48
Q

just world belief

A

when we believe that bad things happen to others because of their own actions or inactions

49
Q

ultimate attribution error

A

the ultimate attribution error can occur to anyone but is especially likely for people who hold discriminatory views=prejudice in group member, you do something good its because youre a good person, you do something bad, youre the exception to the group. out group member, you do something bad, youre a bad person, you do something good, youre the exception in the group

50
Q

ethnocentrism

A

my group is better than yours

51
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

occurs when a person unknowingly and unintentionally causes something to happen due to the fact that they expect it to happen or unwittingly confirm a stereotype of themselves (it beings as a false definition and you evoke a new behavior and the definition becomes true)

52
Q

stereotype threat

A

when people arein situations where they are at risk of conforming (-) stereotypes about their own social group

53
Q

what occurs due to negative stereotypes

A

when this occurs, group members are likely to become anxious about their performance which may hinder their ability to perform at their max level

54
Q

stereotype boost

A

when people perform better than they otherwise would have because of exposure to its positive stereotypes about their social group

55
Q

persuation

A

a powerful way to influence what others think and do

56
Q

what are the three key things of persuation

A
  1. message characteristics
  2. source characteristics
  3. target characteristics
57
Q

message characteristics

A

the features of the message itself

58
Q

source characteristics

A

the characterizes of the of the person or venue delivering the message

59
Q

target characteristics

A

the features of the people receiving the message

60
Q

what does elaboration likelihood model present

A

proposes 2 cognitive route of persuasion, the central route and the peripheral route

61
Q

central vs peripheral route

A

central: people are persuaded by the content of the argument itself peripheral: people focus on the superficial or secondary characteristics of the speech or the orator

62
Q

in central route what occurs

A

you have high motivation and ability to think about the message

63
Q

in peripheral route

A

you have low motivation and ability to think about message

64
Q

unwilling audience

A

have low motivation you need to use peripheral route

65
Q

what was mary ainsworths conduct strange situation experiment

A

moms would temporarily leave their toddlers with an unfamiliar person and saw the way they reacted and attributed certain attachment styles in kids

66
Q

babies with secure attachment style do

A

they happily explored their area when mom would be there but cried when she left and would only be consoled by mom

67
Q

babies with insecure attachment styles do

A

toddlers have insensitive and inconsistently responsible caregivers and doesnt notice when mom left

68
Q

ambivalent attachment style

A

when mom leaves baby cries loudly, when she comes back they remain upset and may cling onto mom and hit mom for leaving them

69
Q

avoidant attachment style

A

baby seems indifferent to moms departure and return, while outside baby seems chill but psychological data shows that theyre stressed

70
Q

disorganized attachment style

A

toddlers cannot predict the moms behavior which can include frightening gestures, abuse, and neglect

mcat psych/soc lectures (7 decks)

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