lecture 1 Flashcards
sociology
the study of society and the individual in relation to society
macro vs micro
Macro-Top down view begins with society as a whole then down to the individual. the premise is that individual position within social structures determine behavior
Micro-bottom up view begins with the 1 on 1 interactions. the premise is that human behavior is the result of individual interpretations
what are the 3 classical theories and are they micro or macro?
- functionalism -macro (-) feedback
- conflict theory- macro (+) feedback
- symbolic interactionalism- micro
Social constructionism Macro or micro?
Both macro and micro
rational choice/exchange theory macro or micro?
micro
feminist theory macro/micro
macro and micro
who is the father of functionalism
Emile Durkheim
what does structural functionalism state?
individual parts work together to maintain solidarity, order, and balance. homeostasis-like parts of a society work together to maintain dynamic equilibrium which creates common consciousness. societies have thrived for generations because they have self regulating/correcting mechanisms
what causes dysfunction in structural functionalism and define it
anomie: a mismatch between wider social standards and standards of individual within that wider society
What are manifest and latent functions
manifest functions are intended or obvious functions of an organizations. latent functions are unintended or less recognizable of an organization
what is the flaw of functionalism
societies do not work as well for some people as they do for others
what does conflict theory state?
parts of society work against each other in competition for limited resources (social, political, and material power). imbalances between the haves and havenots creates a class struggle
who is mr conflict theory
karl marx
what occurs once people get class consciousness
capitalism is replaced by socialism where production is collectivity owned in order to benefit all members of society equally
class consciousness
a social condition in which members of lower class are aware of themselves as a group that is exploited by wealthy
false consciousness
lack of awareness; members of lower class see themselves as individuals and not as a exploited group
common consciousness
the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society.
flaws of marx’s theory
predicted that the instability if capitalism wouldve been changed by now
Who is Max Weber
he is a conflict theorist and symbolic interactionist and he stated that there could be more than one source of conflict not just income but wealth, power, prestige, and ideas
rationalism
societies trend toward increasing efficiency and away from religion, spirituality and morality
what does rationalism promote and define that
promotes bureaucracies and those are agencies of non elected officials that administer the laws of society
what is symbolic interactionalism state?
people act based on meaning (meanings come from social interactions and adapted through interaction)
symbols
culturally derived social objects that have shared meanings created from and maintained through social interaction
Mr social interactionism
George Herbert Mead
generalized other
the generalized attitude of a large social group of you
me
social self; developed through interactions with others (judgement of others)
I
arises in response to the “me” its one personal identity and individuality (pilot) ex. thinking is a discussion between me and i, i does what it wants but me worries about judgement
looking glass self
stated by charles cooley asserted that we imagine how we appear to others, how others think about us based on observation of us, and we develop feelings about ourselves based on OUR imagined judgement of others
what does social constructionism
individual interaction results in socially agreed-upon constructs
socialization
dynamic process by which a person internalizes the values, beliefs, and norms of society and learns to be a member of society
social interactionalism vs social constructionism
social interactionism focuses on symbols related to doctor and see how symptoms impact interaction and its ALWAYS MICRO while social constructionism focuses on social construct of health, illness, and healthcare. can be macro or micro
first wave of feminism
focuses on womens suffrage; the right to vote, own property, and equal wages
second wave of feminism
focuses on womens social liberties; gender equality, equal pay, sexual de stigmatization and reproductive rights
third wave of feminism
focused on INTERSECTIONALITY: the study of how social identities like gender, race, and class interact
glass escalator
refers to the way men are often fasttracked to advanced positions when entering women-dominate professions
glass ceiling
a metaphor representing an invisible barrier that prevents a certain demographic from rising beyond a certain level
what scope can feminism be
micro or macro
rational choice theory
people make decisions by comparing the costs and benefits (comes from economic theory) goal is so reduce the costs and maximize the benefits
exchange theory
people respond to rewards and punishments goal is to reduce the punishments and maximize the rewards (comes from behavioral psych)
