lecture 5 Flashcards
what is a mental disorder
a set of behavioral or psychological symptoms that are not keeping with social norms and are severe enough to cause significant and personal distress to overall functioning
what is biomedical model of mental disorder
all mental disorders wholly attributable to organic pathology ex. drugs
what is biopsychsocial model of mental disorder
pathology, genetics, upbringing, culture, societal, and familial factors
what are level 1 disorders
- Anxiety disorder
- Depressive disorders
- Bipolar Disorder
- Schizophrenia spectrum and Psychotic disorders
- PTSD
- Personality disorders (antisocial and
- OCD
what is anxiety disorder
disproportionate fear and sadness without cause suicidal ideation. uncomfortable sympathetic activation
what are some specific anxiety disorders? how do you treat these anxiety disorders
you have phobia, panic disorders, and social anxiety disorder. the treatment is usually SSRI’s and Benzo
what is humanist explanation for mental disorders
people werent able to achieve self actualization where idealized self isnt congruent with actual self. solved by therapy provided patient with unconditional positivity
what is depressive disorders? what is biological perspective of depressive disorders? treatment for this from bio standpoint
depressive disorders like MDD causes sad, empty, and or irritable mood not related to normal grief.
biological perspective states that depleted NT levels, genetics causes this and is treated by SSRIS: increased serotonin
what is monoamine hypothesis? what are MAOI’s?
predicts that underlying pathophysiological basis of depression is a depletion in levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in CNS.
MAOI’s are monoamine oxidase inhibitors that allow these molecules to last longer.
what is bipolar disorder? define manic and depressive phases
bipolar disorder is bridge between psychotic and depressive disorders involved with cycles. Manic phase: high energy, high self esteem, racing thoughts and quick talking. Depressed phase: low energy, low self esteem, etc
Bipolar 1 is more what? Bipolar 2?
Bipolar 1: more manic and Bipolar 2: more depression
schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders are characterized as
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and thoughts and -symptoms
describe schizophrenia + and - symptoms as well as cognitive symptoms
(+) symptoms: psychotic behaviors and hallucinations and delusions
(-) symptoms: disruption to normal emotions and flattened affect
cognitive symptoms: poor executive function, bad working memory, and unorganized thoughts
what are personality disorders? describe the clusters by characterizing names
they are enduring patterns of inflexible behaviors across a range of settings and relationship. cluster A is weird, odd and eccentric. cluster B is wild, dramatic and erratic. cluster C is worried, anxious, and fearful
WEIRD WILD WORRIED ABC
what is OCD
obsessions (thoughts or urges) and/or compulsions
what is somatic symptom disorder
excessive and or medically unexplainable symptoms like hypochondria
what is dissociative disorders
disruptions and or discontinuations in coreidentity
what are level 2 disorders?
- neurodevelopmental disorders
- neurocognitive disorders
- sleep-wake disorders
what is neurodevelopmental disorders and include example
manifest early in development usually before grade school. they appear as deficits and hard to treat like autism disorder
what is autism
characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties and repetition of patterns. more common in males
what is neurocognitive disorders? what are two examples
cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in complex attention, executive functioning, learning, memory. we have Alzheimer’s and parkinsons
Alzheimer’s has what two abnormal structures in the brain
amyloid plaque: clumps of protein fragments that accumulate OUTSIDE OF CELL
neurofibrillary tangles: clumps of protein INSIDE OF CELL
Parkinson’s is caused by what? what are the abnormal structures seen here?
this is caused by low dopamine levels where dopaminergic neurons in the BASAL ganglia die off making it park to control movements. the abnormal aggregate of proteins are called lewy bodies in the brain
what are sleep-wake disorders? what are the two types? define them
sleep wake disorders are disturbance in quality, timings, and or amount of sleep.
we have Dyssomnias: bad amount, quality, or timing like insomnia and narcolepsy
and Parasomnias: abnormal behaviors while asleep like night terrors and night walking
how many stages do we have in sleep? describe the repair that occurs in each one
we have REM: psychological repair
stage 1:
stage 2:
stage 3: mental relaxation
stage 4: physical repair
what are the three types of waves that occur in the brain? when do they happen?
we have gamma waves: intense multitasking
beta waves: working
alpha waves: chilling
