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mcat psych/soc lectures > lecture 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what experimental designs include

A

-random sampling, ransom assignment, control of extraneous variables ex. what effects do scary movies have on cortisol levels

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2
Q

what non experimental designed include

A

-ethnographic studies, twin studies, case studies, observational studies ex. do people who watch scary movies have higher cortisol levels

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3
Q

between subjects vs within subjects

A

Between-subjects (or between-groups) study design: different people test each condition, so that each person is only exposed to a single user interface. Within-subjects (or repeated-measures) study design: the same person tests all the conditions

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4
Q

qualitative vs quantitative

A

quality/characteristics vs numerical values

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5
Q

mixed methods

A

both qualitative and quantitative

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6
Q

repeated measures

A

longitudinal studies

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7
Q

quasi-experiments

A

almost experimental

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8
Q

comparative methods

A

refers to quasi experimental that would qualify as true experimental design except theres no random assignment of subjects

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9
Q

internal validity

A

extent to which the outcome variable is due to the intervention

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10
Q

what are the common flaws to internal validity

A

-impression management: subjects adapt their responses based on research expectations
-confounding variables: outside variables not accounted for in the study
-lack of reliability
-sampling bias
-attrition effects: subject fatigue, people drop out of the study

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11
Q

experimental generalizability or external validity

A

extent to which findings can be generalized to the real world

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12
Q

threats to external validity

A

exp doesnt reflect the real world, sample not representative, situational effects, lack of statistical power

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13
Q

validity vs reliability

A

reliability is consistency where validity is does it measure what it claims to measure

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14
Q

construct validity

A

does it measure what it claims to measure

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15
Q

operational definition

A

how scientists operationalized/ defined the experimental variables

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16
Q

social institutions

A

standardized sets of social norms organized to preserve a societal value ex. airport, healthcare, religion, government

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17
Q

education is referred as the what and what is this caused by

A

education is referred to the great equalizer due to social mobility as education goes up income inequality goes down (-) correlation

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18
Q

hidden curriculum

A

unintentional lessons about norms, values, and beliefs

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19
Q

teacher expectancy

A

students tend to match a teachers expectations ex. teacher thinks youre bad at math so you dont try and are bad in math, when teacher thinks youre a good writer, you become a better writer

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20
Q

educational segregation

A

disparity between children from high income and low income neighborhoods

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21
Q

educational stratification

A

separation of students into groups based on academic achievements (remedial vs honors)

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22
Q

educational stratification

A

separation of students into groups based on academic achievements (remedial vs honors)

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23
Q

family

A

people set as socially defined set of relationship like birth, marriage, or adoption

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24
Q

religion

A

beliefs and practices related to the sacred

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25
Q

democracy

A

Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so.

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26
Q

monarchy

A

A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic, to fully autocratic, and can expand across the domains of the executive, legislative, and judicial

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27
Q

authoritarianism

A

Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting.

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28
Q

totalitarianism

A

Totalitarianism is a form of government and a political system that prohibits all opposition parties, outlaws individual and group opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high if not complete degree of control and regulation over public and private life.

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29
Q

government

A

makes and reinforces the rules of a society and regulates relations with other societies

30
Q

economy arranges

A

the production, the distributions, and consumption of goods services and resources

31
Q

capitalism

A

private ownership

32
Q

socialism

A

collective ownership

33
Q

iron law of oligarchy

A

states all forms of organization develop oligarchic tendencies especially in large groups and complex organizations (ruling class, few people)

34
Q

bureaucracy

A

negative thing. division of labor , hierarchical structure, impersonality, written rules

35
Q

mcdonaldization

A

the principals of the fast food industry dominating other sectors of society where you get the same experience everywhere and goes with iron law of oligarchy
***higher efficiency, calculability, and use of non human labor

36
Q

medicalization

A

things that doctors used to not help you with that now they do help you with ex. mental illness, drug addiction

37
Q

medicalization can be good or bad examples

A

good: help you stop smoking
bad: gives you ssri’s for death in family

38
Q

institutional discrimination

A

when a social structure engages in discriminatory practices against an individual or a group ( not a hospital or one location but bigger picture) ASSOCIATED WITH ADMIN RULES AND POLICIES MACRO

39
Q

how is healthcare delivered availability and accessibility definitions

A

availability: does it exist in area without wait?
accessibility: do you have the resources to get this?

40
Q

social epidemiology

A

study of social determinants of health and the use of social concepts to explain patterns of health in a population

41
Q

social conditions

A

social determinants of health such as availability of food supplies, drug use, access to quality educations, unemployment, crime, etc

42
Q

favorable conditional factors

A

improve the overall quality of life

43
Q

social problem

A

social condition with a (-) impact

44
Q

social isolation

A

complete or near complete lack of contact with others in society

45
Q

socioeconomic gradient in health/social gradient in health theory

A

there exists a proportional increase in health and health outcomes as socioeconomic status increase

46
Q

malthusian theory

A

overpopulation exceeds carry capacity leading to catastrophes

47
Q

demographic transition theory

A

societies transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low death and birth rates

48
Q

demographic transition theory pre industrial era

A

high birth and high death

49
Q

demographic transition theory industrial era

A

high birth but death starts to decrease leading to increase in population

50
Q

demographic transition theory post industrial

A

low birth rate and low death rate as population stabilizes

51
Q

sex

A

biological classification

52
Q

gender

A

personal identification

53
Q

race

A

categorization based on phenotypic differences in skin, facial features, etc

54
Q

ethnicity

A

population group whose members identify with each other based on nationality or shared cultural traditions

55
Q

dependency ratio

A

ration between retired people/working people because US society are graying up more old people

56
Q

residential segregation

A

physical set of groups into different areas, typically along the lines of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status

57
Q

environmental injustice

A

low socioeconomic status and minority groups tend to live in areas where environmental hazards and toxins are

58
Q

food desert

A

an area where healthy , fresh food is difficult to obtain

59
Q

prejudice

A

preconceived judgements toward people based on their group membership BELIEFS NOT BEHAVIOR

60
Q

discrimination

A

biased treatment of an individual based on group membership ACTION

61
Q

social segregation

A

tendency of people from the same social groups to interact with each other and have less contact with people from other social groups

62
Q

socioeconomic status

A

the social standing or class of an individual or group often measured as a combo of education, income, and occupation

63
Q

absolute poverty

A

an inability to secure the basic necessities of life

64
Q

relative poverty

A

inability to meet the avg standard of living defined by given society

65
Q

caste system

A

lower social mobility less dependent on effort, status defined by birth

66
Q

class system

A

some degree of social mobility, social system is determined by birth and merit

67
Q

meritocracy

A

higher social mobility, more dependent on effort, based only on merit

68
Q

social reproduction

A

when social inequality is transmitted from one generation to the next, when parents social class is the same as your social class

69
Q

opposite term for social reproduction

A

intergenerational social mobility

70
Q

intergenerational social mobility

A

when people move up or down and social mobility comes from physical (house, car), cultural (looks, education), and social (rich, talented people)

mcat psych/soc lectures (7 decks)

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