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mcat psych/soc lectures > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cognitive dissonance

A

we feel tension (dissonance) whenever we hold two thoughts or beliefs (cognition) that are incompatible or when when our attitudes and behaviors dont match

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2
Q

people are more likely to change what about their attitude or behavior

A

people are more likely to change their attitude to fit behavior than to change behavior to fit their attitude

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3
Q

what is attitude

A

our evaluation on a scale from + to - of other people, events, etc formed by our past and present experiences. they can be measured and can change

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4
Q

what are the three components of attitude

A

cognition: thoughts and beliefs
affect: feelings
behavior: our response

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5
Q

what is the ocean model

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extraversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism
    domain of human behavior
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6
Q

high and low of openness to experience

A

high: embraces new ideas, experiences
low: prefers familiarity over novelty, resistant to change

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7
Q

high and low of conscientiousness

A

high: values competence and order, manages time well
low: disorganized, irresponsible

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8
Q

high and low of extraversion

A

high: outgoing, talkative
low: loner

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9
Q

high and low to agreeableness

A

high: thinks of others, goes with flow
low: high maintenance

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10
Q

high and low to neurtisicm

A

high: bad emotions can be impulsive
low: experiences more good emotions and copes well with stress

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11
Q

what is myer briggs type indicator

A

personality assessment questionnaire, popular in corporate world

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12
Q

what is personality

A

our thoughts, feelings, ways of thinking about things, beliefs

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13
Q

perspective on personality: bio perspective

A

emphasis the internal physiological and genetic factors that influence personality

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14
Q

perspective on personality: trait perspective

A

people differ from one another based on the strength and intensity of basic trait dimensions

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15
Q

perspective on personality: life course perspective

A

a critical period in you life based on stress, trauma can affect personality

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16
Q

perspective on personality: psychoanalytic perspective

A

Freud focuses on the unconscious mind rather than your conscious. result of unconscious conflicts that stem from childhood

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17
Q

perspective on personality: humanist perspective

A

looking at someone as a whole, rather than looking at the small parts. IDEAL SELF= HAPPY

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18
Q

perspective on personality: behaviorist perspective

A

conditioning; emphasizes observable behavior and external simulation in environment. (reward/punishment)

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19
Q

perspective on personality: social cognitive

A

learning that occurs within a social context

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20
Q

libido or life drive

A

drives behavior focused on pleasure, survival, and avoidance of pain

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21
Q

death drive

A

drives dangerous or destructive behaviors and underlies the desire to hurt others . angel is super ego, Id= is devil (pleasure) and self is ego

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22
Q

what is Id

A

unconscious, seeks pleasure

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23
Q

what is ego

A

logical thinking with reality

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24
Q

what is super ego

A

strives for perfection

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25
Q

what are the stages of Freud stages of development

A
  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. phallic
  4. latency
  5. genital
    OLD AGED PRISONERS LOVE GRAPES
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26
Q

oral is what age and what erogenous zone

A

age of birth to 2 years old and zone is mouth

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27
Q

anal is what age and what erogenous zone

A

age of 2 to 3 years old and zone is anus

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28
Q

phallic is what age and what erogenous zone

A

age of 3 to 5 years old and zone is genitals

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29
Q

latency is what age and what erogenous zone

A

age of 5 to puberty and zone is None

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30
Q

genital is what age and what erogenous zone

A

puberty to adulthood and zone is potential sexual partners

31
Q

what are erik eriksons stages of development

A
  1. trust vs mistrust
  2. autonomy vs shame
  3. initiative vs guilt
  4. industry vs inferiority
  5. identity vs role confusion
  6. intimacy vs isolation
  7. generativity vs stagnation
  8. integrity vs despair
    MY SEXY GIRL IN RED IS SUCKING DICK
32
Q

trust vs mistrust what age and what outcome

A

age: infancy trust: needs met mistrust: needs not meet

33
Q

autonomy vs shame is what age and what outcome

A

age: early childhood auto: self control shame: stay dependent

34
Q

initiative vs guilt what age and what outcome

A

age: preschool ini: achieve purpose guilt: stuck on fails

35
Q

industry vs inferiority what age and what outcome

A

age: school indust: gain competence infer: incompetent

36
Q

identity vs role confusion what age and what outcome

A

age: teens iD: sense of self role con: lacks ID

37
Q

intimacy vs isolation what age and what outcome

A

age: young adult intimacy: mature relationships isolation: unable to make relationships

38
Q

generativity vs stagnation what age and what outcome

A

age: middle age gener: contribute to society stag: life is meaningless

39
Q

integrity vs despair what age and what outcome

A

age: late age integrity: wisdom despair: unaccomplished

40
Q

what stages are equivalent in eriks stages to Freud

A

first 5 are equivalent to freuds 5

41
Q

humanist perspective

A

humans are driven by actualizing tendency to realize their highest potential and personality conflicts arise when this is somehow thwarted HUMANS ARE AWESOME

42
Q

who is dude for humanist perspective

A

carl rogers

43
Q

self concept

A

main goal of dvelopment

44
Q

self actualization

A

more accomplished if parents show unconditional love. those who gave conditional love only feel self actualization in certain conditions

45
Q

congruence

A

your self concept is aligned with your concept of you self actualized self

46
Q

behaviorist perspective

A

personality is a result of learned behavior patterns based on your environment

47
Q

who is dude for behaviorist perspective

A

B F Skinner

48
Q

behaviorists say people start as what?

A

blank slates and that reinforcement and punishment completely determines subsequent behavior

49
Q

social cognitive perspective

A

result of reciprocal interactions among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors

50
Q

who is dude for social cognitive perspective

A

albert bandura

51
Q

social cognitive perspective states that learning isnt just

A

learned by classical or operant conditioning but through observational learning

52
Q

trait perspective

A

result of traits which are habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that are relatively stable over time

53
Q

what are cardinal traits

A

rare and develop later in life. a trait that becomes to dominant

54
Q

what are central traits

A

general characteristics that show across different situations

55
Q

what are secondary traits

A

traits related to attitudes and dependent on situations

56
Q

biological perspective

A

result from difference in brain biology

57
Q

what is behavioral genetics

A

a field which variation among individuals is separated into genetic vs environment like nature vs nurture, shared environment

58
Q

heritability? what are usually subjects of these studies

A

a metric used to determine how much of a variation is caused by genetic difference. subjects are usually monozygotic twins, family studies, adoption studies.

59
Q

motivation? what does it affect

A

the driving force that causes us to act or behave in certain ways. it affects: instincts, drives, needs, and arousal

60
Q

drive reduction theory

A

intrinsic or internal motivation defined as a psychological need creates an aroused state that drives an organism to address that need by engaging in some behavior that will reduce the arousal, + feedback loop

61
Q

what is maslows pyramid? what school was his from

A

once the needs are met at the bottom, they will go up the pyramid. maslow was a humanist

62
Q

what are the levels of maslows pyramid

A

bottom: physiological needs to safety needs to love and belonging to esteem needs to self actualization

63
Q

emotions are made up of

A

physiological (body) behavioral (action) and cognitive (mental) needs

64
Q

theories of emotion: james-lange

A

stimulus causes body response which causes emotion

65
Q

theories of emotion: cannon-bard

A

emotion and physiological arousal happen simultaneously

66
Q

theories of emotion: schachter-singer

A

emotion is determined by arousal and context

67
Q

theories of emotion: optimal arousal theory

A

there is optimal level of emotional arousal for performance

68
Q

universal emotions

A

emotions expressed by all humans across all cultures like happy, sad, fear, excited

69
Q

stress and provide physiological responses

A

events that pose a threat to our physical or mental well being. high bp, high heart rate, high muscle tention cause by Symph NS

70
Q

emotional responses vs behavioral

A

emotional: fear, anxiety, anger, etc while behavioral is crying, yelling, etc

71
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

describes the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative. It has three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

72
Q

alarm is what

A

fight or flight cause by symph NS

73
Q

resistance is what

A

adaptation caused by parasymph NS

74
Q

exhaustion is

A

reduction of immune system, will occur if stress is chronic

mcat psych/soc lectures (7 decks)

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