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Physiology Exam 3 > Lecture 59-Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships > Flashcards

Lecture 59-Hypothalamic-Pituitary Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What does the hypothalamic-pituitary unit regulate?

A

Functions of thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamic-pituitary unit control?

A

Control growth, milk, production/ejection, osmoregulation

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3
Q

What do the hormones produced by the hypothalamus stimulate/release hormones of?

A

By pituitary

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4
Q

What is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary? What does this lobe consist of?

A

Adenohypophysis

Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
Pars distairs

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5
Q

What is another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary? What does this lobe consist of?

A

Neurohypophysis

Pars nervous a
Infundubular stalk

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6
Q

What are hypothalamic functions?

A

Coordinates thirst, appetite, temperature regulation, autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

What are factors that influence the hypothalamus?

A

Pain, sleep, emotions (fear, rage), olfactory, light, thoughts

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8
Q

Which neurotransmitters influence the hypothalamus?

A

Dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, GABA, beta-endorphin

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9
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

Beneath hypothalamus in sella turcica (bone socket)

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10
Q

What do posterior pituitary contain?

A

Neurons descending from hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricualr areas)

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11
Q

Where is neurohypophysis derived from?

A

Neural tissue

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12
Q

Where is adenohypophysis derived from?

A

Primitive foregut tissue

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13
Q

Adenohypophysis have _____ (median eminence) and ______ (lower infundibular stem) hypophysial portral vessel

A

Long
Short

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14
Q

Where are hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate anterior pituitary function released from?

A

Terminal axons at the median eminence

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15
Q

Describe portal vessels blood supply.

A

Blood supply is venous blood from hypothalamus—portal system of capillaries connected to anterior pituitary

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16
Q

(TRUE/FALSE) Hypothalamic hormones generally DON’T appear in systemic circulation

A

True

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17
Q

Where do hypothalamic hormones deliver directly to?

A

Anterior pituitary in high concentrations

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18
Q

Why is portal blood supply to anterior pituitary important?

A
  1. Hypothalamic hormones delivered directly to anterior pituitary in high concentrations
  2. Hypothalamic hormones generally don’t appear in systemic circulation
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19
Q

Releasing and inhibiting hormones from hypothalamus released into _________ ______ ______ at _______ _______.

A

Hypophyseal portal veins

Median eminence

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20
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin

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21
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

22
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates …

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates adrenocorticotropin (ACTH

23
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Stimulates growth hormone (GH)

24
Q

Hypothalamic hormone

Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) inhibits ….

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

Inhibits GH, prolactin

25
Hypothalamic hormone Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) stimulates ….
Anterior pituitary hormone Stimulates prolactin
26
Hypothalamic hormone Dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting factor) inhibits ….
Anterior pituitary hormone Inhibits prolactin (primary inhibitor of prolactin) inhibits ACTC, stimulates GH
27
What are the (5) tropic cells of the anterior pituitary?
Thyrotrophs Gonadotrophs Corticotrophs Somatotrophs Lactototrophs
28
Where do tropic cells aggregate in regions within?
Anterior pituitary
29
What are the hormones synthesized in anterior pituitary?
Peptides or polypeptides
30
Secretion of hormones is ______ in response to _______ ________.
Episodic Hypothalamic hormones
31
What are the (6) anterior pituitary hormones?
TSH LH ACTH GH Prolactin FSH
32
What is the target tissue for TSH?
Thyroid gland (T3, T4)
33
What is the target tissue for LH?
Gonads
34
What is the target tissue for ACTH?
Adrenal gland
35
What is the target tissue for GH?
All tissues
36
What is the target tissue for prolactin?
Mammary glands and gonads
37
What is the target tissue for FSH?
Gonads
38
What are stimulators of TSH?
TRH (from hypothalamus) Decreases in T3 and T4
39
What are inhibitors of TSH?
Dopamine Somatostatin Increases in T3 and T4
40
What does POMC give rise to?
Multiple peptide hormones *melanocyte-stimulating hormone ACTH *beta-endorphins
41
What is ACTHC initially secreted as?
Pre- pro-hormone POMC
42
What is the ACTH intermediate?
Pro-hormone
43
What are stimulators of ACTH?
CRH, decrease in cortisol, ADH, stress
44
What are inhibitors of ACTH?
Increase in cortisol, ACTH, somatostatin, dopamine
45
What is PPID in horses?
Neurons controlling release of dopamine can be lost in Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction. In PPID neurons control release of dopamine and inhibition of ACTH is lost
46
What are stimulators of gonadotrophic hormones?
GnRH Activity Pheromones
47
What are inhibitors of gonadotrophic hormones?
Testosterone Estrogen Inhibit Melatonin
48
What do LH and FSH regulate?
Development, growth, reproductive maturation processes and sex steroid hormone secretion of the gonads of either sex
49
What does prolactin stimulate? What does it inhibit?
Stimulates mammary gland development Inhibits GnRH
50
What are stimulators of lactotroph secretion?
TRH Estrogen Suckling PRF?????? (Action still being investigated)
51
What are inhibitors of lactotroph secretion?
Dopamine Somatostatin Prolactin
52
Which stimulator does Dopamine override effects of?
TRH

Physiology Exam 3 (17 decks)

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