Lecture 56- Non-Ruminant Herbivore Digestive Physiology Flashcards
What does the ascending colon in a pig look like?
A spiral arrangement of coils in a cone shape
What does the ascending colon in a ruminant look like?
Arranged in spiral
What are the two type of fermenters?
- Pre-gastric fermenters
- Hindgut fermenters
What are the two classifications of pre-gastric fermenters?
Ruminants
->Femerling prior to gastric stomach and SI
Non-ruminant herbivores
->fermenting after gastric stomach and SI
What are two classifications of hindgut fermenters (non-ruminant herbivores)?
Cecal fermenters (rabbits, Guinea pigs, chinchillas, rat)
Colon federnderes (horses, gorillas, elephants, rhinos, koalas)
(TRUE/FALSE) Whether the animal ferments BEFORE and AFTER the gastric stomach and SI has a huge effect on efficiency of utilization of fermentation products
TRUE
*doesnt matter if animal ferments before or after
What are examples of non-ruminant herbivores?
Horse, rabbit, guinea pig, zebra, elephant, hippo, kangaroo
What are the THREE groups of non-ruminant herbivores? Which of these groups are hindgut fermenters?
Foregut fermenter
Cecal fermenter
Colon fermenter
*cecal fermenters and colon fermenters
Describe the modification that occurred to GIT to facilitate microbial fermentation?
Compartments of gastric stomach will selectively sort and retain fibrous material
Larger cecum and/or colon
When are the only two times fermentation is actually useful? If the digestive system can ….
- Retain digests and microbes
- Maintain an environment suitable for fermentation
What are three factors for utilizing microbial fermentation?
- Volume available for fermentation—greatest in ruminants
- Retention time (longer retention=more digesta)
- Microbial populations similar in most species
What type of stomach do foregut fermenters have?
Compartmentalized stomach
*one or more pouches for fermentation separate from gastric region—“pre-gastric” fermentation
How many pouches does a compartmentalized stomach have?
2-4 pouches
Which region expands for microbial fermentation?
Cardiac region
What type of feeders are foregut fermenters?
Bulk roughage feeders or browsers
Are any of the non-ruminant herbivore domesticated species foregut fermenters?
None
How many pouches does a colobus monkey have?
4 pouches/chambers
How many pouches/chambers do sloths have?
3 chambers/pouches
What are two species that are Cecal fermenters?
Rodents and lagomorphs
The cecum is a ______ sac, therefore digesta must pass via _____ of ____.
Blind
route entry
How many times do Cecal contents enter the colon?
1-2 times/day
How are particles separated in the colon?
-less dense material (larger fiber particles) stay in lumen
-denser, smaller particles + fluid around perimeter
-fiber particles move through colon
-fluid + smaller particles -> go into cecum for fermentation
What are the two types of feces that cecal fermenters produce?
Hard feces -> indigestible feces
Soft feces (night feces) -> ceotropes are cecal contents coated with mucus and are consumed-> added B-vitamins made by microbial patterns
Which three species are colon fermenters?
Equips, elephants, koalas
