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Physiology Exam 3 > Lecture 49- Gastric, Pancreatic And Bile Secretions > Flashcards

Lecture 49- Gastric, Pancreatic And Bile Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

How do most bile salts return to the liver?

A

Via enterohepatic circulation

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2
Q

How are bile salts transported from SI lumen into portal blood?

A

Na/bile salt co-transporter

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3
Q

What does the liver extract? What does it add to?

A

Extracts bile salts

Adds to hepatic bile salt/bile acid pool

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4
Q

When does the ejection of bile occur?

A

30 minutes after meal is ingested

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5
Q

What contracts the gallbladder and relaxes the sphincter?

A

CCK

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6
Q

What cells in the gallbladder absorb ions and water?

A

Epithelial cells

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7
Q

Bile is provided _________ and stored.

A

Continuously

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8
Q

What are the functions of gallbladder?

A

Stores, concentration and ejects of bile

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9
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

Product of hemoglobin degradation

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10
Q

What are the products of lipid digestion?

A

Bile salts bind products to form micelles and assist in absorption of lipid products

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11
Q

How are the two primary bile acids made?

A

Made by hepatocytes

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12
Q

What are the two primary bile acids

A

Colic acid, chenodeoxycholic acids

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13
Q

What properties do bile salts have?

A

Amphipathic

Emulsify lipids so digestion can occur

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14
Q

What is the composition of bile?

A

50% are bile salts, 40% phospholipids, 2% bile pigments, 4% cholesterol

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15
Q

What charge do bile salts have?

A

Negative

Causes charges to repel each other

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16
Q

Liver conjugates ______ ______ with _______ to form bile salts

A

Bile acids
AA

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17
Q

Why is bile secretion needed?

A

Digestion
Absorption of lipids

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18
Q

What is the binary system made of?

A

Liver, gallbladder, bile duct, duodenum, ileum, portal circulation

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19
Q

What synthesize components of bile, flow out of bile ducts into gallbladder?

A

Hepatocytes

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20
Q

What stimulates contraction of gallbladder and relaxes sphincter of Oddi?

A

CCK

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21
Q

After lipid absorption, bile salts recirculated to the _______ via reabsoprtion in the ______.

A

Liver
Ileum

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22
Q

What is aqueous stimulated by?

A

Hydrogen in duodenum

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23
Q

What is the cephalic phase initiated by? Which nerve?

A

Initiated by smell, taste, conditioning -> vagus nerve

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24
Q

What is the gastric phase initiated by? The nerve?

A

Gastric phase-initiated by distinction of stomach->vagus nerve

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25
What is the most important phase in the regulation of pancreatic secretion?
Intestinal phase (80% of secretions)
26
Which cells are receptors for CCK and Ach?
Acinar cells
27
What does CCK stimulus?
AA, peptides, FA
28
What potentialem the action of CCK?
Ach
29
What are receptors for CCK, Ach, secretin?
Ductal cells
30
Aqueous and enzymatic portions are regulated ________.
Separately
31
Which two flow rates remain consistent?
Na K
32
Which concentration rate increases and which decreases at high flow rates
HCO3- concentration increases Cl- concentration decreases
33
At low flow rates, what does the solution mainly contain?
Na Cl and water
34
At high flow rates, what does the solution mainly contain?
Na HCO3- Water
35
What are the two components of pancreatic secretions?
1. Enzymatic component 2. Aqueous component
36
What does the aqueous component of pancreatic secretions contain?
Na Cl K HCO3 Juice is isotonic
37
Aqueous component What makes initial secretion? And what is it modified by?
Centroacinar and ductal cells make initial secretion, then modified by transport process in ductal cells
38
Aqueous component What does the luminal membrane contain? What does the basolateral membrane contain
Luminal membrane: HCO3-/Cl- exchanger Basolateral membrane: Na/K ATPAse & Na/H exchanger
39
Enzymatic component of pancreatic secretion What are secreted as active enzymes?
Amylase and lipases
40
Enzymatic component of pancreatic secretion What are proteases secreted in?
Inactive forms
41
Enzymatic component of pancreatic secretion Where are enzymes synthesized on?
Rough ER of acinar cells
42
What comprises 90% of the pancreas?
Pancreatic secretions Aqueous + enzymatic components
43
What is the structure of exocrine glands?
Acinus lined with acinar cells Ducts lined with ductal cells Centroacinar cells
44
In the exocrine glands, what secretes aqueous portions?
Ducts lined with ductal cells Centroacinar cells
45
What is the inner action of exocrine pancreas?
SNS -> celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses (inhibit) PNS -> vagus nerve (stimulate
46
When do duodenal ulcers occur?
H+ secretory rate higher than normal Overhwelming buffering capacity of pancreas
47
What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (Gastrinoma)?
High rates of H secretion due to high gastrin Delivery of high H to dudeonum Causes steatorrhea
48
What happens if there is low pH in SI?
Inactivates lipases So no fat digestion
49
What form gastric ulcers?
Form because mucosal barrier is defective
50
What is the one cause of gastric ulcers?
H. Pylori
51
What is peptic ulcer disease?
Ulcerative lesion of gastric or duodenal mucosa Caused by loss of mucus, have excessive H+ and pepsin secretion or combination of both factors
52
What are the barriers to acid and pepsin damage to gastric mucosa?
Bicarbonate Mucus
53
When is HCl secretion inhibited?
When no longer needed for conservation of Pepsinogen to pepsin **need pH for conversion
54
What are three things that inhibit HCl secretion?
1. Decreased pH of gastric contents 2. Somatostatin 3. Prostaglandins antagonize histamine by reducing cAMP
55
How does somatostatin inhibit HCl secretion?
Binds parietal cells and antagonizes histamine pathway by decreasing cAMP Inhibits both histamine and gastrin release
56
During the cephalopods phase what % is HCl secretion
30
57
During the gastric phase what % is HCl secretion?
60
58
What are the stimuli of cephalic phase?
Smelling, tasing, chewing, swallowing, conditioned reflexes
59
What are the stimuli of gastric phase?
Distension of stomach and presence of AA and peptides
60
What are the stimuli of intestinal phase?
Products of protein digestion
61
What are the four mechanisms to promote HCl secretion during gastric phase?
Distension -> vagal stimulation -indirect via gastrin -distension of Antron -> local reflexes -> gastrin -AA + peptides -> Gastrin
62
What is the direct path of vagal stimulation?
Vagus nerve -> Ach -> parietal cells -> HCl Vagus nerve -> GRP -> G cells
63
What is the indirect path of vagal stimulation (rest of G cell path)
Gastrin from G cells -> systemic circulation -> HCL from parietal cells
64
Why will atropine not block HCl secretion completely?
Using GRP in G cell pathway

Physiology Exam 3 (17 decks)

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