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Veterinary Physiology exam 3 > lecture 55 - Ruminant digestive physiology 2 > Flashcards

lecture 55 - Ruminant digestive physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

at birth, the _________ is the size of the abomasum
- no _________ present
- milk bypasses rumen via _________ _________
- thin walled with short papillae and undevleoped pillars

A

rumen
microbes
esophageal groove

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2
Q

by 3 weeks old
- calves start to ingest forage and concentrate
- _________ start to establish - cow licks the calf, pick up microbes from enviornment
- _________ enlarges - mucosa transforms and papillae grows

A

mirobes
rumen

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3
Q

_________ _________ connects the cardia region to the omasum

A

esophageal groove

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4
Q

the esophageal groove contains pahryngeal _________ neuronal pathways

A

afferent

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5
Q

esophageal groove bypassing forestomach important because milk is _________ _________ in rumen

A

poorly digested

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6
Q

esophageal groove is _________ in the calf until/through weaning and _________ in adults

A

function
inactive

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7
Q

formation of esophageal groove stimulates by

A

milk
ADH
sucking

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8
Q

rumen formation primarly produces which 3 main gasses

  • as dry matter increases _________ increases
A

65% carbon dioxide
25% methan
7% nitrogen

gas

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9
Q

secondary rumen contractions forces gas into _________ towards the cardia
- cranial pillar and retricorumen fold that keeps the digestive from the cardia = important for gas to build up - stimulates _________ = burp

A

reticulum
erection

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10
Q

5 F’s of abdominal distension

A

fart
fluid
food
fetus
fat

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11
Q

_________ _________: important to ascertain cause of abdominal distention when examining a “bloated” animal

A

abdominal distension

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12
Q

gradual devleopement of abdominal distention _________ to rumenoreticular distension

A

secondary

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13
Q

disease resulting in injury = _________ or pressure on vagus nerve = signs of _________ indigestion

A

inflammation
vagal indigestion

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14
Q

type 1 bloat

A

free gas bloat
failure to eructate
keep animal from removing gas
- blockage

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15
Q

type 2 bloat

A

failure of transport out of rumen
- blockage at reticule-impaction orificie

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16
Q

type 3 bloat

A

failure of transport out of abomasum
- blockage - impaction or displacement

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17
Q

type 4 bloat

A

indigestion associated with advanced pregnancy
- because calf grows, uterus enlarge and shifts to where abomasum = pinch or block material from leaving

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18
Q

_________ of the rumenoreticulum with gases of fermentation
- common in animals with feed lot cattle (high grain diets) grazing high legumen pastures

A

overdistention

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19
Q

_________ bloat - primary ruminal tympany

A

frothy

20
Q

_________ bloat
- causes: esophageal obestruction, interference in nerve pathways involved in eructation

A

free Gas

21
Q

treatment of gas (bloating): stomach tube will help releive gas particles - hit the pockets of gas and break them up to _________. also use a trocar to pass through the skin to the _________

A

expel
rumen

22
Q

_________ bloat:
- foram mixed with ruminal contents
- stable foam of small gas bubbles and eructation cant occur
- build up againt _________ regiona nd eretation can NOT occur because gasses are inside the bubles and gas pressure _________ which applies pressure to the _________ leading to _________ of the animal. also said to have high surface tension

A

frothy
cardia
increases
diaphragm
suffocation

23
Q

high _________ diets
- clover and alpha
- soluble proteins and saponins allow small bubbles to form

A

legume

24
Q

_________ _________: fine partiles size of the diet that can allow bubbles to form

A

feedlot cattle

25
Q

limit time on high risk pastures, give _________ _________
- in a bloat block to keep the bubbles from foaming
- may ise surfaces to help break them up
- poloxone is major componet in these remedies to help prevent bloat

A

anti-foaming agents

26
Q

heavy material / foreign objects fall into _________ during primary rumen contractions
- _________ contracts force sharp objects to penetrate the wall
- also prevents movement of rumen contents through _________ orifice

A

reticulum
reticulum
reticulo-omasal orifice

27
Q

resulting problems depending on direction of penetration from hardware disease such as

A

liver absces
pleuritis
pericarditis
ALL ACCOMPANIED BY PERIONITIS

28
Q

clinial signs on _________ _________
- slow rumen motility
- reduced appetite
- fever
- abdominal pain
- arched back
- reluctant to move
- frunt on expiration

A

hardware disease

29
Q

diagnosis of hardware disease is

A

withers pinch
abdominal paracentesis
hemogram
imaging

30
Q

treatment / prevention (medical) of hardware disease

A

magnet
antibiotics

31
Q

treatment / prevention (surgical) of hardware disease

A

rumenotomy

32
Q

abomasum suspended loosely by _________ and _________ _________ in right front quadrant of abdomen

A

great and lesser omentum

33
Q

LDA or RDA of _________

A

abomasum

34
Q

_________:
- hypomotility and gas production caused by displacement towards the left laterally to the rumen

A

LDA

35
Q

_________:
hypomotility and gas production caused displacement counter clockwise which leads to volulus (obstruction)
- ischemia: block blood supply

A

RDA

36
Q

_________: mainly on high grain diets
- less motility in general and less motlity in the abomasum to move gas
- if you do not have a good _________ _________ then rumen contraction slow/stop = abomasum contraction stops and allows gas to build up and the _________ lifts and becomes displaced

A

hypomotility
fiber mat
abomasum

37
Q

_________ changes in location of intra-abdominal organs
- more common after calving because displaced abomasum will occur 14 day after birth
- abomasum may twist

A

periparturient

38
Q

rumen pH is detemined by
- intake of _________ _________
- _________ capacity of rumen
- rate of _________ absoprtion

A

fermentable carbohydrates
buffering capactiy
VFA

39
Q

abrupt increase in readily fermentable carbohydrates
- rumen _________ need time to transition from cellulolytic = amylolytic = sudden _________ change upsents _________

A

microflora
diet changes
upsets rumen

40
Q

subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) and acute acidosis
- feedlot cattle and lambs we tend to see more _________ _________ and for dairy cows we tend to see more _________

A

acute acidosis
SARA

41
Q

_________ _________ _________:
- pH drops not as severe and due to overall accumulation of VFA’s
- lactic acid production starts and will accumulate
- then starts to develop _________

A

subacute rumen acidosis

42
Q

development of _________
- shortage of amlolytic bacteria allows S. bovis to grow and produce latic acid (poorly absorbed)
- latic acid builds up = _________ drops
- clincal signs not as severe, but feed intake _________ and milk production _________

A

SARA
pH
decreases
stops

43
Q

acute acidosis
- pH is _________
- latic acid accumulation, pH depression extreme, some _________ _________ absorption into blood
-pH in rumen can drop as low as _________ causing papillae to peel = bacteria invades the rumen wall

A

less than 5.5
latic acid
4.0

44
Q

treatment for _________
- feed ionophores, buffers, latic-acid utilizing bacteria

A

SARA

45
Q

_________: inhibit latic acid producting bacteria
- help amylolytic produce like they should

A

ionophores

Veterinary Physiology exam 3 (12 decks)

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