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Veterinary Physiology exam 3 > Lecture 53 - Avian Digestive Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 53 - Avian Digestive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of the pre-crop in chickens

A

movement of food

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2
Q

what is the true stomach in chickens

A

proventriculus

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3
Q

where is grinding of food in a chickens digestive tract

A

gizzard

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4
Q

define:
- combined cavity of mouth and pharynx extending from beak to esophagus

A

oropharynx

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5
Q

define:
- reduce feed to smaller size for swallowing
- only for those NOT on commercial feed diet because commercial feed is _________
- scoop _________ and lift beak = water moves down by gravity

A

beak of oropharynx
pelleted
water

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6
Q

define:
- caudal to base of tongue and has median slit = _________
- NO epiglottis guarding the glottis

A

laryngeal mound of oropharynx
glottis

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7
Q

_________ _________ throughout and inside the oropharynx

A

taste buds

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8
Q

define:
- lubercate food
- produce a lot of mucous with some _________ enzyme

A

saliva
amylase

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9
Q

_________ has the ability to stretch and move larger particles throughout

A

esophagus

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10
Q

throughout esophagus there are _________ glands to help move food down

A

mucous glands

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11
Q

pre-crop esophagus is near the _________ region

A

cervical

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12
Q

crop is near the _________ inlet region

A

thoracic

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13
Q

define:
- store food and slowly move out especially when _________ is full
- some _________
- moisting of food and leak _________ to rest of tract
- have _________ pouches for crop and crops absentin conceptavoris birds and owls
- important for birds that are _________

A

crop
gizzard
slowly
two pouches

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14
Q

post crop esophagus is near the _________ region

A

thoracic

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15
Q

known as the gastric chamber

A

proventriculus

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16
Q

define:
- HCl , pepsinogen, gastric lipase and mucous
- food passes quickly through the area

A

proventriculus of chickens

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17
Q

known as mechanical grinding in chickens

A

gizzard

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18
Q

define:
- strong muscle
- small _________ accumulate and help with grinding / breakdown
- lined with thick cuticle called koilin ( lot of solid secretion to protect from acid / pepsin, continually replaced, and secretions salitify after exposure to acid)

A

gizzard
stones

19
Q

define:
- intestines are short compared to mammals = helps keep weight low for flying
- NO lactase needed
- in chickens

A

small intestine

20
Q

define:
- pancrease located here
- in chickens

A

duodenal loop

21
Q

define:
- yolk sac vestige
- distinction between jejunum and ileum
- way to separate the two areas
- in chickens

A

Meckels diverticulum

22
Q

rhythmic gastroduodenal contraction in chickens is _________

A

around 3 / minute

23
Q

gastroduodenal motility in chickens have contraction of _________ _________ muscles

A

thin ventricular

24
Q
  • gastroduodenal motility
  • 2 - 3 _________ waves through duodenum
  • digesia flows into duodenum and through it
  • in chickens
  • this process is defined as
A

peristaltic

25
Q

gastroduodenal motility has contraction of thick _________ muscles

A

ventricular muscles

26
Q

gastroduodenal motility has _________ waves throughout the ventriculus
- allows digestia to flow into _________

A

peristaltic waves
ventriculus

27
Q

in chickens about 4x/hour digestia from duodenum and upper jejunum refluxes into _________
- allows for further _________

A

ventriculus
breakdown

28
Q

chickens have paired _________

A

ceca

29
Q

define:
- not present in hawks and songbirds
- important in some wild dowl for microbial fermentation of _________
- separate from ileum by _________ fold
- well developed villi to exclude large particles and only allows fluid to move to _________
- _________ reabsorption from reflux urine
- urine released into cloaca reflux into _________ = uric acid provides _________ for bacteria

A

paired ceca
cellulose
cecal fold
ceca
water
ceca
N+

30
Q

organ used mainly for water reabsoprtion

A

large intestine

31
Q

define:
- common opening for digestive, reproductive and urinary systems
- excrete feces/urine together = urine is in form of _________ _________

A

cloaca
uric acid

32
Q

opening to exterior in chickens

A

vent

33
Q

immune function in chickens

A

bursa of fabricius

34
Q

_________ in the colon of chickens

A

antiperistalsis

35
Q
  • in chickens, urine moves from _________ to _________ and _________
  • 10-14 _________ contractions / minute
  • ceases before _________
A

cloaca
ceca and colon
antiperistaltic
defication

36
Q

define:
- series of major contractions in chickens

A

cecal evacuation

37
Q

define:
- one major contraction in chickens

A

defication

38
Q

define:
- minor contraction in chickens

A

mixing

39
Q

define:
- in chickens
- bi-lobed
- gallbladder in chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and NOT pigeions
- each lobe has a _________ _________ draining into duodenum near pancreatic ducts

A

liver

40
Q

define:
-choclate brown color and homogeneous texture
- 1-2 cecal droppings per day
- series of _________ contractions to evacuate the ceca

A

cecal droppings
major contractions

41
Q

define:
- greenish and granular texture
- 25-50 intestinal droppings per day
- variation based on _________/ _________

A

intestinal droppings
environment/feeding

42
Q

chickens, based on digestive anatoy
- highly digestible _________ and _________ diets are most effective for commercial diets
- high _________ diets will not be well digested
- however, free ranging chiceksn will consume some _________

A

starch and protein
fiber
fiber

43
Q

define:
- very full/big and hangs from the neck
- from too much _________/_________ material
- if long time without eating then _________
- food fails to move out due to _________
- lack of normal muscle contractions

A

impacted crop
grass/fiber
splurge
obstruction

44
Q

define:
- if hang out in crop too long = overgrowth of _________ = disrupts normal bacteria and causes _________ of crop = thickness of crop wall = _________

A

sour crop
yeast
dilation
bad odor

Veterinary Physiology exam 3 (12 decks)

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