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Veterinary Physiology exam 3 > Lecture 52 - Intestinal Transport and Liver physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 52 - Intestinal Transport and Liver physiology Flashcards

1
Q

enterosystemic fluid cycle is very important to reabsorb secretions delivered to proximal part of the ______ ______

A

small intestine

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2
Q

secretory fluids from accessory organs, tomach and intestines intself = substantial fraction of _______ volume

A

ECF

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3
Q

enterosystemic fluid need to recover to maintain ECF volume and _____ ______

A

blood pressure

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4
Q

enterosystemic fluid cycle has a dailry exchnage of several times total volume of body water. net movement of fluid into and out of ______ ______ every 24 hours

A

intestinal lumen

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5
Q

entrosystemic fluid cycle is released in _______ volumes of secretions in herbivores

A

larger

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6
Q

major reabsoprtive site of enterosystemic is the _____ and ________

A

distal small intestine
large intestine

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7
Q

epithelial cells lining intestinal crypts secrete fluid and _____

A

eletrolytes

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8
Q

apical membrane has _____ channels

A

Cl- channels

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9
Q

_____ tends to follow _____ passivley into lumen

A

Na+
CL-

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10
Q

water follows ____________ into lumen

A

Na+/Cl-

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11
Q

_________ and __________ cotransport are part of the basolateral membrane

A

Na+/K+ ATPase
Na+/K+/2Cl-

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12
Q

______ channels are normally closed but will open in response to hormones and neurotransmitters binding basolateral membrane. then opens Cl-/Na+/H2O moves into ____

A

Cl- channels
intestines

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13
Q

___________: cause Cl- channels to be open than they should = dumping Cl-/Na+/water into the cell wall = too much to recovery = death

A

cholera toxin

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14
Q

permeability of tight junctions between enterocytes determines the route. can be ______ or ______

A

tight
leaky

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15
Q

intestinal absoprtion of fluid is absorbed is ALWAYS ________

A

isosmotic

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16
Q

major site for Na+ absoprtion

A

jejunum

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17
Q

occurs via Na+ dependent co-transporter in enterocyte apical membrane happens in the _______

A

jejunum

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18
Q

the following are found in _______
- Na+/H+ exchanger
- Na+/K+ ATPase pump

A

jejunum

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19
Q

also absorbs Na+

A

ileum

20
Q

Cl-/HCO3- exchange in enterocyte apical membrane of where

A

Small intestine

21
Q

Cl- transporter in enterocytes basolateral membrane of what organ

A

ileum

22
Q

overall, the net absorption of NaCl

A

ileum

23
Q

Na+ and K+ channels in apical membrane of the

A

colon

24
Q

synthesis of Na+ channels induced by aldosterone = increases Na+ absorption and increases K+ secretion of the

A

colon

25
Q

________: increases loss of K+ due to increased flow rate of intestinal fluid

A

diarrhea

26
Q

______ ________ of K+ in herbivores = colon helps excrete any excess K+

A

fecal concentrations

27
Q

_______ system, _________ try to bring volume back up. if too much lose these systems may NOT block. loss of large volumes of ECF-type fluid from GIT = causes decreased ECF volume, decreased intravascular volume, and decreased arterial pressure

A

RAAS system
baroreceptors

28
Q

define:
- circulatory collapse
- high HCO3- can lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap
- signal kidneys to reabsorb Na+/Cl-
- when you lose ____ you lose Na+ = activate RAAS system = stimulate Na+/H+ exchanger = kidney starts to excrete more ______ = more ammonia for buffering

A

severe diarrhea
HCO3-
H+

29
Q

diarrhea causes a decrease in surface volume for absorption due to

A

infections
inflammation of SI
damage to lining

30
Q

diarrhea causes osmotic diarrhea due to

A

non-absorbable solutes
draw H20 and hold

31
Q

secretory diarrhea causes excessive secretions of fluid by ______ _______
- permanently activates _______ ______ and ________ levels high

A

crypt cells
adenylyl cyclase
cAMP

32
Q

liver receivers ________ _______ from stomach, SI, LI, pancreas and spleen

A

portal blood

33
Q

functions of the _______:
- process absrobed substances
- synthesis and excretion of bile acids
- bilirubin productions and excretion
- metabolism of nutrients
- detoxification and excretion of waste products

A

liver

34
Q

define:
- cholesterol = bile acids
- stored in the gallbladder

A

bile

35
Q

mononuclear phagocyte system that removes senescent _______
- degrades hemoglobin = biliverdub = bilirubin
- bilirubin binds albumin in blood - ______ = conjugated to glucuronic acid
- conjugated bilirubin excreted in ______ and secreted in ____ = terminal ileum and colon = deconjugated to urobilinogen and _____ and ______

A

RBC
liver
urine and secreted in bile
urobilin and stercobilin

36
Q

______ of free or conjugated bilirubin - cant be excreted in bile as it should = goes into circulation = yellow tenting of skin
- increase distribution of RBC
- obstruction of bile ducts
- liver disease in general

Overall disease is known as:

A

accumulation

Jaundice

37
Q

define:
- maintain blood glucose levels
- use glycerol, glucogenic AA synthesis glucose after glucose store is depleted (after a meal)

part of carbohydrate metabolism

A

gluconeogenesis

38
Q

define:
- make glycogen
- highly branched chains of stored glucose = glycogen
- occur after a meal

A

glycogenosis

39
Q

define:
- break down glycogen to make glucose when glucose levels are low
- glucagon and EPI hormones bring back to normal

A

glycogenolysis

40
Q

protein metabolism synthesis ____________ amino acids
- modifies ________ _______
- glucogenic AA can enter glucogenesis
- synthesizes _________ _______
- converts ________ to ________

A

non-essential amino acids
amino acids
plasma proteins
ammonia to urea

41
Q

lipid metabolism is responsible for ________ ________ oxidation
- synthesizes lipoproteins, cholesterol, phospholipids and bile acids

A

fatty acid

42
Q

ammonia is considered

A

toxic

43
Q

urea is considered

A

non-toxic (safe)

44
Q

bacteria are ________ by ________ kupffer cells

A

phagocytized
hepatic kupffer cells

45
Q

modify toxins to be water soluble for excretion in ________ and ________

A

urine
bile

46
Q

which phase is this:
oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis/cyclization reactions

A

phase 1

47
Q

which phase is this:
conjugation reactions (solubilize compound and transferases)
- conjugate with sulfate, amino acids, glutamine

A

phase 2

Veterinary Physiology exam 3 (12 decks)

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