LECTURE 5.1: ARISTOTLE Flashcards
He is a Naturalist and Teleologist.
Aristotle
Brightest student of Plato
Aristotle
Where did Aristotle go to voluntary be exiled?
Chalcis, Euboea
Father of Biology (first classified plants and animals)
Aristotle
Aristotle’s own academy
The Lyceum
‘purpose’ or ‘goal’
Telos
What is/are the doctrine of potentiality/ies of plants?
Nutritive
What is/are the doctrine of potentiality/ies of animals?
Nutritive and Sentient
What is/are the doctrine of potentiality/ies of man?
Nutritive, Sentient, and Rational
“The ______ _____ is happiness.”
Supreme Good
Other word for happiness
Eudaemonia
What are the characteristics of happiness?
Self-sufficient and Final
It means it renders life desirable and lacking in nothing.
Self-sufficient
It means “an end in itself.”
Final
Two types of Virtue
Intellectual Virtue and Moral Virtue
This virtue is an exercise in your rational principles from which rational behavior can proceed.
Intellectual Virtue
This virtue is an exercise of the mean for feelings.
Moral Virtue
This is the midpoint between two vices. (excess and deficiency)
The Golden Mean
“Virtue is a settled ________ of the mind as regards the choice of actions and emotion consisting in the ________ of the mean relative to us, this being determined by ________.”
disposition ; observance ; principle
Requirement for the attainment of virtue.
It is an activity that requires a complete lifetime.
For one swallow does not make a _______, nor does one fine day, similarly, one day or a brief period of happiness does not make a man supremely ________ and _______.”
summer ; blessed ; happy
How do you exercise the mean for feelings and actions?
To feel the feelings at the right TIME, on the right OCCASION, towards the right PEOPLE, for the right PURPOSE, and in the right MANNER.
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a ______.”
habit
WHAT ARE THE FOUR CAUSES?
- Material cause
- Formal cause
- Final cause
- Efficient cause
The stuff out of which something is made (e.g. clay as the material for the sculpture)
Material Cause
The defining characteristics of the thing (e.g. shape)
Formal Cause
The purpose of the thing.
Final Cause
The antecedent condition that brought the thing about. (e.g. artist or creator)
Efficient Cause
A primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or “mover” of all the motion in the universe.
Primary Mover/Unmoved Mover
Who created the “The 5 Proofs for the Existence of God”?
St. Thomas Aquinas
WHAT ARE THE 5 PROOFS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD?
- Argument from Motion
- Argument from Efficient Causes
- Argument from Possibility and Necessity (Reductio argument) or Contingency Argument
- Argument from Gradation of Being
- Argument from Design
Which argument concludes that “it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God.”?
Argument from Motion
Which argument concludes that “it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God.”?
Argument from Efficient Causes
Which argument concludes that “some being exists of its own necessity, and does not receive its existence from another being, but rather causes them. This all men speak of as God.”?
Argument from Possibility and Necessity (Reductio argument) or contingency argument
Which argument concludes that “there must also be something which is to all beings the cause of their being, with goodness, and every other perfection (e.g. the greatest good is God).”?
Argument from Gradation of Being
Which argument concludes that “some intelligent being exists by whom all other natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God.”?
Argument from Design
