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ETHICS > LECTURE 5.1: ARISTOTLE > Flashcards

LECTURE 5.1: ARISTOTLE Flashcards

1
Q

He is a Naturalist and Teleologist.

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

Brightest student of Plato

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Where did Aristotle go to voluntary be exiled?

A

Chalcis, Euboea

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4
Q

Father of Biology (first classified plants and animals)

A

Aristotle

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5
Q

Aristotle’s own academy

A

The Lyceum

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6
Q

‘purpose’ or ‘goal’

A

Telos

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7
Q

What is/are the doctrine of potentiality/ies of plants?

A

Nutritive

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8
Q

What is/are the doctrine of potentiality/ies of animals?

A

Nutritive and Sentient

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9
Q

What is/are the doctrine of potentiality/ies of man?

A

Nutritive, Sentient, and Rational

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10
Q

“The ______ _____ is happiness.”

A

Supreme Good

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11
Q

Other word for happiness

A

Eudaemonia

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of happiness?

A

Self-sufficient and Final

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13
Q

It means it renders life desirable and lacking in nothing.

A

Self-sufficient

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14
Q

It means “an end in itself.”

A

Final

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15
Q

Two types of Virtue

A

Intellectual Virtue and Moral Virtue

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16
Q

This virtue is an exercise in your rational principles from which rational behavior can proceed.

A

Intellectual Virtue

17
Q

This virtue is an exercise of the mean for feelings.

A

Moral Virtue

18
Q

This is the midpoint between two vices. (excess and deficiency)

A

The Golden Mean

19
Q

“Virtue is a settled ________ of the mind as regards the choice of actions and emotion consisting in the ________ of the mean relative to us, this being determined by ________.”

A

disposition ; observance ; principle

20
Q

Requirement for the attainment of virtue.

A

It is an activity that requires a complete lifetime.

21
Q

For one swallow does not make a _______, nor does one fine day, similarly, one day or a brief period of happiness does not make a man supremely ________ and _______.”

A

summer ; blessed ; happy

22
Q

How do you exercise the mean for feelings and actions?

A

To feel the feelings at the right TIME, on the right OCCASION, towards the right PEOPLE, for the right PURPOSE, and in the right MANNER.

23
Q

“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a ______.”

A

habit

24
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR CAUSES?

A
  1. Material cause
  2. Formal cause
  3. Final cause
  4. Efficient cause
25
Q

The stuff out of which something is made (e.g. clay as the material for the sculpture)

A

Material Cause

26
Q

The defining characteristics of the thing (e.g. shape)

A

Formal Cause

27
Q

The purpose of the thing.

A

Final Cause

28
Q

The antecedent condition that brought the thing about. (e.g. artist or creator)

A

Efficient Cause

29
Q

A primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or “mover” of all the motion in the universe.

A

Primary Mover/Unmoved Mover

30
Q

Who created the “The 5 Proofs for the Existence of God”?

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

31
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 PROOFS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF GOD?

A
  1. Argument from Motion
  2. Argument from Efficient Causes
  3. Argument from Possibility and Necessity (Reductio argument) or Contingency Argument
  4. Argument from Gradation of Being
  5. Argument from Design
32
Q

Which argument concludes that “it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God.”?

A

Argument from Motion

33
Q

Which argument concludes that “it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God.”?

A

Argument from Efficient Causes

34
Q

Which argument concludes that “some being exists of its own necessity, and does not receive its existence from another being, but rather causes them. This all men speak of as God.”?

A

Argument from Possibility and Necessity (Reductio argument) or contingency argument

35
Q

Which argument concludes that “there must also be something which is to all beings the cause of their being, with goodness, and every other perfection (e.g. the greatest good is God).”?

A

Argument from Gradation of Being

36
Q

Which argument concludes that “some intelligent being exists by whom all other natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God.”?

A

Argument from Design

ETHICS (10 decks)

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