LECTURE 2: FOLKWAYS AND MORES Flashcards
Process of Development of Folkways
and Mores is by?
William Sumner
To live → Groups (Concurrence) - most
expedient → All adapted the same → ____________ → Instincts → Folkways
Mass phenomenon
Instincts were developed in connection to them
Habits and Customs
__________ is repeated behavior.
Culture
Notion of what is ‘right’
Folkways
Not from rational reflection
Folkways
Developed unconsciously like natural forces
Folkways
HOW ARE FOLKWAYS FORMED?
- Developed from experience
- Handed down by tradition
- Admit of no exception
- Yet, change to adapt to new conditions
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLKWAYS?
- Universal in the group
- Uniform
- Imperative
- Invariable
WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF FOLKWAYS?
- Tradition
- Imitation
- Authority
Some folkways are based on _________ or by accident. (e.g. superstitions)
pseudo-knowledge
Folkways with the connotation of what is right and true with the element of societal welfare embodied in them. ; “what ought to be done”
Mores
From which POV of mores is this? Character and behavior of the ideal; of the man that he should be
Individual
From which POV of mores is this? Social rules which limit or govern our behavior
Society
Power of the mores (e.g. coercion of the individual to conform)
Social control
The necessity for enforcement developed as society grows. What are the two types of mores?
Laws and Institutions
Formulated and defined, product of rational reflection, verification and criticism
Positive Laws
Common law from their customs and taboos
Customary Laws
Take shape in the mores (e.g. religion, property, marriage)
Crescive Institutions
From rational reflection; invented (e.g. banking system, land titling system)
Enacted Institutions
Two kinds of Laws
Positive and Customary
Two kinds of Institutions
Crescive and Enacted
The “morals” of an age are never anything but the consonance between what is done and what the ____________________________.
mores of the age require
A watered-down version passed in congress that would still be serving the interest of the big landlords
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Act
Effective starting January 2018, is another example of something that may be legal but could be immoral
TRAIN Law
Refers to the diversity of moral standards and values in different cultures and societies.
Ethical Relativism
________ have no basis outside of the minds of those who prize them.
Values
The view of things in which one group is the center of everything and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.
Ethnocentrism
Two forms of Ethical Relativism
Personal/Individual and Cultural Ethical Relativism
Ethical judgments/beliefs are expressions of the moral viewpoint/outlook and attitudes of individual persons
Personal/Individual Ethical Relativism
Vary from society to society and that the basis of moral judgments lies in those social and cultural views
Cultural Ethical Relativism
