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ETHICS > LECTURE 1: INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS > Flashcards

LECTURE 1: INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS Flashcards

1
Q

Mother Discipline

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

Meta-discipline, a second order inquiry

A

Philosophy

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3
Q

Philo

A

Love

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4
Q

Sophia

A

Wisdom

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5
Q

Nature of things, what they are, how they come into being, no distinction between philosophy and religion

A

Phusis

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6
Q

To abstract some unifying explanation about nature of reality and man’s prospect in it

A

Speculative Philosophy

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7
Q

Man should have assumed the existence of coherent universe

A

Importance of Pre-Socratics

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8
Q

Where did Philosophy start?

A

Miletus, Greek Ionia

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9
Q

The universe was animate and alive

A

Hylozoists

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10
Q

Timeline of Thales

A

640 - 550 BC

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11
Q

Mathematician that brought geometry from Egypt

A

Thales

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12
Q

Monopoly of the olive oil trade

A

Thales

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13
Q

Magnetism is evidence of life

A

Thales

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14
Q

Flat Earth Theory (when you reach the edge, you will fall)

A

Thales

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15
Q

The fundamental substance is water, as it can change from solid, liquid, to gas.

A

Thales

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16
Q

Beginnings of Western Philosophy (from Miletus)

A

Milesian School

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17
Q

The fundamental substance is the infinite or apeiron

A

Anaximander

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18
Q

The fundamental substance is air

A

Anaximenes

19
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF A PHILOSOPHIC PROBLEM: Isaiah Berlin

A
  1. Very broad or general
  2. No single methodology for answering these questions
  3. Seems to have no practical utility
20
Q

According to which philosopher is this quote: “Philosophy is vision.”

A

Friedrich Waismann

21
Q

Systematic questioning and critical examination of the underlying principles of morality

A

Ethics

22
Q

Study of values and their justification
e.g. morality of behaviors, social policies and institutions.

A

Ethics

23
Q

Core of attitudes, beliefs, and feelings that give coherent vitality to a people. It resides in the heart and minds of the people, in what they expect of each other and themselves, or dislike, value, and disdain

A

Ethos/Ethnos

24
Q

Study of moral good or badness, the rightness and wrongness of an act

A

Morality

25
Q

Seem to make absolute and universal claims while many ethical rules seem to be more optional and relative to a particular society.

A

Moral Principles

26
Q

___________ will constitute our morals.

A

Mores

27
Q

Giving reasons and making arguments to justify one’s moral conclusions

A

Moral Reasoning

28
Q

Two points of view of analysis morality

A

Society and Individual as a Free Agent

29
Q

Systematic exposition of a particular view about what is the basis of good and right.

A

Ethical Theory

30
Q

Provides reasons and norms for judging

A

Ethical Theory

31
Q

Provides ethical principles or guidelines to embody certain values

A

Ethical Theory

32
Q

___________ are evaluative because they place a value in some action or practice.

A

Moral Judgments

33
Q

Two kinds of Moral Judgments

A

Normative Judgment and Descriptive Judgment

34
Q

Ethics, Law, Aesthetics, Religion, Custom

A

Normative Judgement

35
Q

Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology

A

Descriptive Judgement

36
Q

Two types of Ethical Theory

A

Normative Ethics and Metaethics

37
Q

Deals with specific questions of right and wrong, good and evil

A

Normative Ethics

38
Q

Base their moral judgments on expected results; ‘telos’ or goal or end (e.g. human happiness)

A

Teleological (Consequentialist) Moral Theories

39
Q

Nature of the act alone, regardless of the consequences; ‘deon’ or duty (e.g. requirements of human dignity)

A

Deontological (Non-consequentialist) Moral Theories

40
Q

Emphasis on the virtue or character or flourishing of an individual as part of his human nature (e.g. justice, courage, temperance, wisdom, etc.)

A

Virtue Ethics

41
Q

Deals with more abstract questions concerning the meaning and justification of ethical concepts and principles (e.g. Principia Ethica of G.E. Moore)

A

Metaethics

42
Q

Three kinds of Normative Ethics

A

Teleological, Deontological, Virtue Ethics

43
Q

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY ETHICS?

A
  1. Ethics are continually changing.
  2. We have an ethically pluralist society - no single code of ethics but different values and rules.
  3. Enables us to choose between alternative courses of action or opposing values
  4. Enables us to reconsider our ethical priorities

ETHICS (10 decks)

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