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ANATOMY 253 LECTURE > Lecture 5: Upper extremity (bones, ligaments, joints) > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Upper extremity (bones, ligaments, joints) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the appendicular and axial skeleton?

A

Appendicular:

  • SHOULDER GIRDLE (Pectoral Girdle)= Clavicles & Scapulae
  • UPPER LIMB
  • PELVIC GIRDLE (Innominate bones) = Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
  • LOWER LIMB

Axial:
-skull
vertebral column
ribs

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2
Q

Name the bones that make up the shoulder girdle and upper limb

A 
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius and ulna 
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
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3
Q

What joint holds the entire shoulder girldle to the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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4
Q

Is the shoulder girdle

a) weak and unstable
b) strong and stable

A

a) weak and unstable

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5
Q

True or false, the shoulder girdle is not very mobile

A

false

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6
Q

Explain scapulothoracic rhythm

A

First 30 degrees of abdumctiion is all done at the glenohumeral but after that, for the rest of the abduction there is a 2:1 ratio

For every 2 degrees of glenohumeral movement there is 1 degree of scapula movement

For total abduction, clavicle movement is 30 degrees

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7
Q

True or false: the clavicle is one fo the most fractured bones?

A

True, it drops when it is injured

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8
Q

Be able to identify the bone landmarks of the clavicle

A 
Sternal (medial) end
Acromial (lateral) end
Conoid Tubercle
Deltoid tubercle
Trapezoid line
subclavian groove
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9
Q

Pick the right answer

a) Going medially to laterally, the clavicle goes convex first then concave
b) GOing medially to laterally, the clavicle goes concave first

A

a) Going medially to laterally, the clavicle goes convex first then concave

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10
Q

How to tell orientation of the clavicle

A

Sternal side attached to chest medially, conoid tubcle faces against your body, concave goesout out first

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11
Q

IDENTIFY THE LANDMARKS OF THE CLAVICLE ON A PICCTURE

A

;

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12
Q

Where is the scapula located on the back>

A 
Flat, triangular shaped bone
•  Posterior thoracic wall (T2-T7 ribs)
 Lateral border thicker – muscle attachments
•  Inferior angle (T7)
•  Glenoid fossa (head of humerus)
•  Coracoid process (ligament / muscle attachments)
•  Scapular spine
•  Medial – T3
•  Lateral – Acromion process
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13
Q

Where does the inferior angle of the scapula line up?

A

T7

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14
Q

What are the 3 main depressions of the scapula and the muscles that attach

A

SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA > Supraspinatus m. • INFRASPINOUS FOSSA > Infraspinatus m.
SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA > Subscapularis m.

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15
Q

Name the bony landmarks on the scapula

A 
Acromion process
coracoid process
scapular notch
inferior,superior lately border
spine
inferior angle/superior angle 
suprinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
subscapular fossa
glenoid cavity
supraglenoid tubercle
infraglenoid tubercle
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16
Q

True or false: The scapula articulates with the axial skeleton

A

FALSE

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17
Q

Label the landmarks of the scapula on the diagram

A

./

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18
Q

What type of joint is the sterno clavicular joint?

A

Synovial gliding joint

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19
Q

What is the purpse of the articular disk of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Helps deepen the socket, helps clavicle from slipping

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20
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

costoclavicular ligament (seen on first rib)

Interclavicular ligament (connective the calvicles Suprasternal notch)

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21
Q

Be able to identify the ligraments of the sternoclavicular joint

A

.

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22
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial gliding joint

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23
Q

Does the AC joint have a lot of movement or minimal movement ?

A

Minimal movement

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24
Q

Does the AC joint contain a fibrocartilage disk?

25
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint

A

Superior & Inferior Acromioclavicular ligaments

Coracoclavicular ligaments:
TRAPEZOID ligament
CONOID ligament

26
Q

Be able to label the ligaments of the AC joint on a diagram

27
Q

What does the humerus articulate with?

A

The glenoid fossa aand distally with ulna and radius

28
Q

what are the bony landmarks of the humerus

A 
head
anatomical neck
surgical neck 
greter tubercle
lesser tubercle
intertubercular groove
deltoid tuberosity
radial groove
body/shaft
medial epicondly (flexors) 
lateral epicondyle (extensor)
and ridges
Trochlea (medial) – Ulnar trochlear notch
•Capitulum (lateral) – Radial head
• Three fossae (depressions)
• Coronoid (anterior)
• Radial (anterior)
• Olecranon (posterior)
29
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve pass?

A

the medial epicondyle

30
Q

be able to label the bone ladnmarks on a diagram of the humerus

31
Q

What type of the joint is the glenohumeral joint>

A

Synovial ball and socket

32
Q

is the glenohumeral joint stable or unsatble and why

A

Unstable because of the large range of motion

33
Q

True or false: the glenohumeral joint does not have any fibrocartilage?

A 
FALSE 
Glenoid labrum (Fibrocartilage)
34
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint>

A
  • Glenohumeral ligaments (Superior, middle, inferior)
  • Coracohumeral ligament
  • Coracoacromial ligmament
35
Q

What are the two common conditions of in the shoulder joint?

A
  • “Frozen” Shoulder

* Subacromial bursitis (inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon)

36
Q

be able to label all the joints and ligaments of the shoulder, clavicle on ta diagram

37
Q

Which bone is longer and more medial? the ulna or the radius

38
Q

What are the land marks of the ulna

A 
prox: olecreannon process
trochlear notch (hinge of the elbow)
coronoid process
radial notch
ulnar tuberocity
supernatior crest
shaft
lateral bnorder: sharp =INTRAOSSEUS MEMBRANE
HEAD (distal)
styloid process
39
Q

Be able to label the ulna diagram

40
Q

Which bones articulates with the wrist JOINT

41
Q

True or false: the radius has a big role at the elbow?

42
Q

Where does the ulna olecrannon process/coranoid insert head insert?

A

OLECRANNON; olecrannon fossa

coronoid isnerts in coronoid fossa near trochlea

43
Q

Where does the radial head insert

A

radial fossa of the capitulum

44
Q

What type of joint that conencts the radius to the ulna and what ligamen

A

Synovial pivot joint

• Annular ligament

45
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the radius

A 
head
neck
radial tubercity
shaft
interosseous membrane
styloid process
ulnar notch 
dorsal tubercle
46
Q

What are the 3 joints at the eblow q

A

3 Joints
• Humeroulnar
• Radiohumeral
• Proximal Radioulnar

47
Q

be able to label all the joints/ligaments of the elbow

48
Q

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint, what is the fucntion and what are the ligaments

A

Synovial pivot joint (separated from carpals by a disc)
• Pronation / Supination
• Anterior / posterior radioulnar ligaments

49
Q

true or false:L • Radius moves on ulna

50
Q

How many bones of the hand are there

A

27 BONES
• 8 CARPAL Bones
• 5 METACARPAL Bones
• 14 PHALANGES

51
Q

what are the chracteristics of carpal bones

A 
Small and irregular
• Form many synovial joints
• Many interosseous ligaments
• Palmar aspect is concave
• Thenar and hypothenar eminences
52
Q

What are the carpal bones

A

trapezium, scapoid, trapezoid, lunate, capitate, hammate, triquetu, and pisiorm

53
Q

what are the soft tissues of the hand

A 
Skin / Subcutaneous tissue
• Palmar Aponeurosis
• Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse carpal ligaments)
• Flexor muscle tendons
• Palmar Radiocarpal ligament (Base of the carpal tunnel)
• Bones
• Dorsal Radiocarpal ligament
• Extensor Retinaculum
54
Q

label the cross section of the hand

55
Q

Know the wrist joint

A 
Radius
• Scaphoid
• Lunate
• (Triangular/Triquetrum)?
• CONDYLOID (Biaxial / Ellipsoidal) Joint
• Radial (Lateral) colateral ligaments
• Ulnar (Medial) collateral ligaments
56
Q

how many meta carpal bones are there

A

5 per hand

57
Q

what are the carpometacapral joints

A

Synovial gliding joints
• 1st CMJ is a saddle joint
• 1st MC and Trapezium
• All movements + opposition

58
Q

be able to label the bone hand diagram

59
Q

phalanages

A 
Phalanges 2-5
• Proximal, middle, distal
• Base (proximal), shaft, head (distal)
• 1st Phalange (Phalanx)
• Proximal, distal
• Base, shaft, head
• METACARPOPHALANGEAL Joint (Knuckles)
• Synovial Condyloid (Biaxial)
• INTERPHALANGEAL Joint
• Synovial Hinge (Uniaxial)
• Flexion / Extension

ANATOMY 253 LECTURE (10 decks)

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