Lecture 5: Upper extremity (bones, ligaments, joints) Flashcards
What makes up the appendicular and axial skeleton?
Appendicular:
- SHOULDER GIRDLE (Pectoral Girdle)= Clavicles & Scapulae
- UPPER LIMB
- PELVIC GIRDLE (Innominate bones) = Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
- LOWER LIMB
Axial:
-skull
vertebral column
ribs
Name the bones that make up the shoulder girdle and upper limb
Scapula Clavicle Humerus Radius and ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges
What joint holds the entire shoulder girldle to the axial skeleton?
Sternoclavicular joint
Is the shoulder girdle
a) weak and unstable
b) strong and stable
a) weak and unstable
True or false, the shoulder girdle is not very mobile
false
Explain scapulothoracic rhythm
First 30 degrees of abdumctiion is all done at the glenohumeral but after that, for the rest of the abduction there is a 2:1 ratio
For every 2 degrees of glenohumeral movement there is 1 degree of scapula movement
For total abduction, clavicle movement is 30 degrees
True or false: the clavicle is one fo the most fractured bones?
True, it drops when it is injured
Be able to identify the bone landmarks of the clavicle
Sternal (medial) end Acromial (lateral) end Conoid Tubercle Deltoid tubercle Trapezoid line subclavian groove
Pick the right answer
a) Going medially to laterally, the clavicle goes convex first then concave
b) GOing medially to laterally, the clavicle goes concave first
a) Going medially to laterally, the clavicle goes convex first then concave
How to tell orientation of the clavicle
Sternal side attached to chest medially, conoid tubcle faces against your body, concave goesout out first
IDENTIFY THE LANDMARKS OF THE CLAVICLE ON A PICCTURE
;
Where is the scapula located on the back>
Flat, triangular shaped bone • Posterior thoracic wall (T2-T7 ribs) Lateral border thicker – muscle attachments • Inferior angle (T7) • Glenoid fossa (head of humerus) • Coracoid process (ligament / muscle attachments) • Scapular spine • Medial – T3 • Lateral – Acromion process
Where does the inferior angle of the scapula line up?
T7
What are the 3 main depressions of the scapula and the muscles that attach
SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA > Supraspinatus m. • INFRASPINOUS FOSSA > Infraspinatus m.
SUBSCAPULAR FOSSA > Subscapularis m.
Name the bony landmarks on the scapula
Acromion process coracoid process scapular notch inferior,superior lately border spine inferior angle/superior angle suprinous fossa infraspinous fossa subscapular fossa glenoid cavity supraglenoid tubercle infraglenoid tubercle
True or false: The scapula articulates with the axial skeleton
FALSE
Label the landmarks of the scapula on the diagram
./
What type of joint is the sterno clavicular joint?
Synovial gliding joint
What is the purpse of the articular disk of the sternoclavicular joint?
Helps deepen the socket, helps clavicle from slipping
What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?
Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
costoclavicular ligament (seen on first rib)
Interclavicular ligament (connective the calvicles Suprasternal notch)
Be able to identify the ligraments of the sternoclavicular joint
.
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial gliding joint
Does the AC joint have a lot of movement or minimal movement ?
Minimal movement
Does the AC joint contain a fibrocartilage disk?
SOMETIMES
What are the ligaments of the AC joint
Superior & Inferior Acromioclavicular ligaments
Coracoclavicular ligaments:
TRAPEZOID ligament
CONOID ligament
Be able to label the ligaments of the AC joint on a diagram
.
What does the humerus articulate with?
The glenoid fossa aand distally with ulna and radius
what are the bony landmarks of the humerus
head anatomical neck surgical neck greter tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove deltoid tuberosity radial groove body/shaft medial epicondly (flexors) lateral epicondyle (extensor) and ridges Trochlea (medial) – Ulnar trochlear notch •Capitulum (lateral) – Radial head • Three fossae (depressions) • Coronoid (anterior) • Radial (anterior) • Olecranon (posterior)
Where does the ulnar nerve pass?
the medial epicondyle
be able to label the bone ladnmarks on a diagram of the humerus
f
What type of the joint is the glenohumeral joint>
Synovial ball and socket
is the glenohumeral joint stable or unsatble and why
Unstable because of the large range of motion
True or false: the glenohumeral joint does not have any fibrocartilage?
FALSE Glenoid labrum (Fibrocartilage)
What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint>
- Glenohumeral ligaments (Superior, middle, inferior)
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Coracoacromial ligmament
What are the two common conditions of in the shoulder joint?
- “Frozen” Shoulder
* Subacromial bursitis (inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon)
be able to label all the joints and ligaments of the shoulder, clavicle on ta diagram
.
Which bone is longer and more medial? the ulna or the radius
ULNA
What are the land marks of the ulna
prox: olecreannon process trochlear notch (hinge of the elbow) coronoid process radial notch ulnar tuberocity supernatior crest shaft lateral bnorder: sharp =INTRAOSSEUS MEMBRANE HEAD (distal) styloid process
Be able to label the ulna diagram
.
Which bones articulates with the wrist JOINT
RADIUS
True or false: the radius has a big role at the elbow?
FALSE
Where does the ulna olecrannon process/coranoid insert head insert?
OLECRANNON; olecrannon fossa
coronoid isnerts in coronoid fossa near trochlea
Where does the radial head insert
radial fossa of the capitulum
What type of joint that conencts the radius to the ulna and what ligamen
Synovial pivot joint
• Annular ligament
What are the bony landmarks of the radius
head neck radial tubercity shaft interosseous membrane styloid process ulnar notch dorsal tubercle
What are the 3 joints at the eblow q
3 Joints
• Humeroulnar
• Radiohumeral
• Proximal Radioulnar
be able to label all the joints/ligaments of the elbow
.
What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint, what is the fucntion and what are the ligaments
Synovial pivot joint (separated from carpals by a disc)
• Pronation / Supination
• Anterior / posterior radioulnar ligaments
true or false:L • Radius moves on ulna
true
How many bones of the hand are there
27 BONES
• 8 CARPAL Bones
• 5 METACARPAL Bones
• 14 PHALANGES
what are the chracteristics of carpal bones
Small and irregular • Form many synovial joints • Many interosseous ligaments • Palmar aspect is concave • Thenar and hypothenar eminences
What are the carpal bones
trapezium, scapoid, trapezoid, lunate, capitate, hammate, triquetu, and pisiorm
what are the soft tissues of the hand
Skin / Subcutaneous tissue • Palmar Aponeurosis • Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse carpal ligaments) • Flexor muscle tendons • Palmar Radiocarpal ligament (Base of the carpal tunnel) • Bones • Dorsal Radiocarpal ligament • Extensor Retinaculum
label the cross section of the hand
.
Know the wrist joint
Radius • Scaphoid • Lunate • (Triangular/Triquetrum)? • CONDYLOID (Biaxial / Ellipsoidal) Joint • Radial (Lateral) colateral ligaments • Ulnar (Medial) collateral ligaments
how many meta carpal bones are there
5 per hand
what are the carpometacapral joints
Synovial gliding joints
• 1st CMJ is a saddle joint
• 1st MC and Trapezium
• All movements + opposition
be able to label the bone hand diagram
.
phalanages
Phalanges 2-5 • Proximal, middle, distal • Base (proximal), shaft, head (distal) • 1st Phalange (Phalanx) • Proximal, distal • Base, shaft, head • METACARPOPHALANGEAL Joint (Knuckles) • Synovial Condyloid (Biaxial) • INTERPHALANGEAL Joint • Synovial Hinge (Uniaxial) • Flexion / Extension