Lecture 1: Terminology Flashcards
Explain gross anatomy vs surface anatomy
Gross Anatomy=what can be seen with the naked eye
Surface Anatomy: enables the individual to recognize deep anatomical structures from a superficial setting
Appendicular vs axial skeleton
Appendicular: Upper Lower extremities, pelvis (what sticks out)
Axial: head thorax, vetebral column (center)
What are the levels of organization and explain
Chemical (atoms) ->Cellular (macros) -> Tissues (group of similar cells working together) -> organs (heart, lungs) -> systems (respitory) ->organism
What are the 2 main body cavities and their subdivisions
DORSAL CAVITY: 1) cranial 2) vertebral
VENTRAL CAVITY: 1) thoranic 2) abdomnical 3) pelvic
What is anatomical position
Upright, facing forward, shoulderwidth apart, palms facing up
What are the 4 planes of the body
Median Plane (mid sagital): Divides into left and right (para sag means either left or right of the mid dag) Front Plane (coronal): divides into anterior (frpnt) and posteior (back) Transverse (horizontal) : Divides into superior (upper) and inferior parts (lower) Onblique; angle
Anterior vs Posterior
Anterior: front
Posterior: back
superior vs inferior
superior: above
inferior: below
proximal vs distal
SPECIFIC TO EXTREMETIES
prox: nearest to source of attachment (nearest to center)
distal: further from source of attachement (far from center)
cranial vs caudal
Cranial/cephalic: nearest to head end
Caudal: nearest to taul end
medial vs lateral
Medial: towards mid sag plane
lateral: away mid sag plane
superficial vs deep
Superficial: towards sufrace
deep: away from surface
intermediate, external internal
intermdiate: between 2 things
in relevance to body wall
flexion vs extrension vs hyper extension vs lateral flexion
flexion: angle of joint decreases
extension: angle of joint increaeses and there is a return to the anatomical position
hyper: when the extension beyond the anatomical position
lateral: lateral bending/side bending
Abduction vs adduction
abduction: Movement away from the midline of the
body
adduction: Movement towards from the midline of the
body
Do flexion/extension on head, shoulders, elbpw, wrist hip knee and lateral.
..
do abduction/adduction on shoulder, wrist, hip, fingers.
..
medial rotation vs lateral rotation and give examples
Medial: The anterior aspect of the extremity turned inward along its longitudinal axis
• LATERAL ROTATION: The anterior aspect of the extremity is turned outward along its longitudinal axis
upward vs downward rotation
UPWARD ROTATION: Referring to the scapula when the inferior angle moves laterally and up
• DOWNWARD ROTATION: Referring to the scapula when the inferior angle moves medially and down
depression vs elevation
DEPRESSION: Lowering a body part
• ELEVATION: Raising a body part
horizontal adduction vs adduction
HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION (Horizontal extension): Moving from the midline of the body on the horizontal plane • HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION (Horizontal flexion): Moving towards the midline of the body on the horizontal plane
retraction vs protraction
RETRACTION: The movement of a part backward
• PROTRACTION: The movement of a part forwar
inversion vs eversion
INVERSION: Rotation of the sole of the foot inward
• EVERSION: Rotation of the sole of the foot outward
Dorsiflexion vs plantar flexion
DORSIFLEXION: Flexing of the ankle to raise the toes upwards
• PLANTARFLEXION: Flexing of the ankle to point the toes
pronation vs suprination
PRONATION (backside): Medial rotation of the forearm on the longitudinal axis
• SUPINATION (front side): Lateral rotation of the forearm on the longitudinal axis
prone vs supine
PRONE: Lying horizontal in a face-down position • SUPINE: Lying horizontal on the back facing up
proonation of foot vs supination of foot
PRONATION (of the foot): Ankle eversion, dorsi-flexion, and forefoot abduction
• SUPINATION (of the foot): Ankle inversion, plantar- flexion, and forefoot adduction
