Lecture 2/3: Tissues Flashcards
What form can tissues be in (4)
TISSUES may be solid (bone), semi-solid (fat), soft (muscles, ligaments), or liquid (blood)
What are the 4 tissue types?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
What is the name of the embryonic connective tissue?
MESENCHYME
Name the 3 germ layers and what they are/function
Ectoderm=forms outer covering of the body and nervous tissue
Endoderm=forms lining of body and digestive tract
Mesoderm= forms everything else (bones,muscles, blood etc)
What are the 4 functions of epithelial tissue?
Protection (epidermis of skin)
Filtration (of nutrients)
secretion (release of hormones enzymes etc)
excretion (waste products)
What is one defining factor about epithelium tissue?
Closely packed cells with hardly any extracellular material between the cells
What are the two types of epithelium tissue (by location)
1) SURFACE EPITHELIUM: Lining and covering
2. GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: Secretory tissue in glands
True or false: Epithelium is considered AVASCULAR?
True
What is the basement membrane?
The Basement Membrane is a non-cellular layer of materials which holds the epithelia to the underlying connective tissue (and gives strength to the epithelium)
True or False: Epithelial Cells have a LOW ability to repair and divde?
false
What are the 2 surfaces of the the epithelium and where are they located?
BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY ON A DIAGRAM
1) APICAL (free) SURFACE: faces the body cavity, lumen, duct, etc.
2) BASAL SURFACE: deepest layer (attached to the Basement Membrane
What are the 2 layers of the basement membrane>?
1) Basal Lamina
2) Reticular lamina
What is the location of the basal lamina and what does it contain>
Closer to the basal surface (closer to the actual epithelial cells), contains laminum (glue) and collagen (strenght)
What is the location of the reticular lamina and what does it contain?
Closer to the connective tissue, contains collegen produced by connective tissue (fibroblasts)
Be able to label the apical (free surface), epithelial cells), basal surface, Basement membrane and the layers (basal and reticular) and the connective tissue
See diagram in slides
What are the 4 shapes of the epithelial cells and their descriptions>
Squamous: flat and thin
Cuboidal: square
Columnal: rectangular
Transitional: squamous and cuboid (ability to change shapes)
What are the 3 arrangement of layers of epithelial cells and their description?
Simple: single row of cells
Pseudostratified: Single row of cells with different overlapping sizes but all attached to the basement membrane
stratified: 2 or more rows of cells
How do we name the shape of epithelial cells if there are more than 1 type of shape?
Name based on the shape of the Apical layer (top layer)
What is the function of simple squamous epithelium and where does it line?
function: allows for the rapid passage of substances through them
Lining: cardio and lymphatic
What are 2 examples of simple squamous epithelium
Endothelium:
Mesothelium:
What is the function of simple cuboid epithelium
Functions in secretion and absorption
what is the function of simple columnar epithelium and what are the two distinctions of them?
Functions in secretion and absorption and they can be ciliated or non-ciliated
Explain ciliated vs non ciliated
Ciliated: are hair like projections for filtration and helping move things along (seen in bronchioles etc)
Non-ciliated: do not have cilia (stomach, intestines etc.)
What is the fucntion of stratified squamous epithelium? and the two distinctions of them
protective layer, cells replace those lost due to friction (apical cells are further from blood and die)
They can either be keratinized SSE or non keratinzed SSE
Explain the difference btween keratinized vs non keratinized
Keratinized SSE (contain protein KERATIN) • Tough and water resistant (epidermis)
Non-keratinized SSE do not contain keratin
found on wet surfaces subject to wear and tear
• Lining of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, covers tongue
What is the appearance of stratified transitional epithial and what are the main shapes?
- Appearance is variable (transitional)
* Mostly cuboidal or columnar, with some squamous
Where do you find stratified transitional epithelial celle
Hollow organs (stomach, bladder, esophagus)
What are the two types of epithelial membranes?
MUCOUS MEMBRANES
SEROUS MEMBRANES
What is the function of a mucous membrane
Secrete mucous to keep linings moist (esophagus, stomouch, lungs)
True or False: Mucous Membranes always have access t to the exterior?
True
What is the function of a serous membrane and where do they mostly line
secrete fluid for lubrication (mostly line the body cavities in abdomen)
explain visceral and parietal layers of a serous membrane (fist in a balloon)
Visceral: Inner deepest level (closest to the fist)
Parietal: Outer level
What is the function of Glandular epithelium
SECRETION!