Lecture 5: Structure Of The Skeleton Flashcards
What are the five functions of the skeleton?
Support, movement, protection, storage, RBC formation.
What does RBC stand for?
Red blood cells
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact and Cancellous (spongy)
What are compact bones important for?
Strength and load bearing.
What are Cancellous bones important for?
Shock absorption.
Is the cellular material of Compact and Cancellous bone different?
No, they are made up of the same thing.
What is a diaphysis?
The shaft of a long bone.
What is another name for the extremities?
Epiphysis.
Which type of bone is short bone mostly made of?
Cancellous bone.
What is the mandible?
The lower jaw.
Which three bones is the skull made up of?
The cranium, facial bones and the mandible.
Where is compact bone found?
Where strength and load bearing are needed.
Where is cancellous bone found?
Where shock absorption is required.
What features and functions does a long bone have?
• Longer than they are wide • Shaft or diaphysis • Extremities or epiphyses • Thicker compact bone in diaphysis • Function as levers for movement
What features and functions does a short bone have?
• Near equal in width and length • Weightbearing/shock absorption • Mostly cancellous bone
What features and functions does a flat bone have?
• Protection (eg. cranial bones)
• Muscle attachments (eg. scapula)
• Thin plates of compact
bone - some cancellous
What shape and function do irregular bones have?
They have variable shape and functions.
What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?
Skull, vertebral column, rib cage.
Which bones make up the skull?
Cranium, face and mandible bones.
What are the divisions of the vertebral column?
- Cervical (7)
- Thoracic (12)
- Lumbar (5)
- Sacrum and coccyx
Which bones make up the rib cage?
The ribs and the sternum.
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
The limbs (arms, forearms, thighs and legs), the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle.
What is the human limb structure?
A single proximal long bone with two distal long bones, hands and feet,
What are the human limb attachment structures?
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle:
- Clavicle
- Scapula
Pelvic girdle
- Hip bones (2)
- Sacrum (axial)
What are the humerus and femur?
Both single long bones in human limbs, humerus = arm, femur = thigh.
What are the radius and the ulna?
The two long bones in the forearm.
What are the tibia and the fibula?
The two long bones in the leg.
Which bones make up the hand?
- Carpals (8)
- Metacarpals (5)
- Phalanges (3)
Which bones make up the foot?
- Tarsals (7)
- Metatarsals (5)
- Phalanges (3)
Is the clavicle part of the axial skeleton?
No!
How many ribs do you have?
24
How many pairs of ribs do you have?
12
