Lecture 5: Structure Of The Skeleton

Question 1

What are the five functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Support, movement, protection, storage, RBC formation.

Question 2

What does RBC stand for?

Answer 2

Red blood cells

Question 3

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 3

Compact and Cancellous (spongy)

Question 4

What are compact bones important for?

Answer 4

Strength and load bearing.

Question 5

What are Cancellous bones important for?

Answer 5

Shock absorption.

Question 6

Is the cellular material of Compact and Cancellous bone different?

Answer 6

No, they are made up of the same thing.

Question 7

What is a diaphysis?

Answer 7

The shaft of a long bone.

Question 8

What is another name for the extremities?

Answer 8

Epiphysis.

Question 9

Which type of bone is short bone mostly made of?

Answer 9

Cancellous bone.

Question 10

What is the mandible?

Answer 10

The lower jaw.

Question 11

Which three bones is the skull made up of?

Answer 11

The cranium, facial bones and the mandible.

Question 12

Where is compact bone found?

Answer 12

Where strength and load bearing are needed.

Question 13

Where is cancellous bone found?

Answer 13

Where shock absorption is required.

Question 14

What features and functions does a long bone have?

Answer 14

• Longer than they are wide
• Shaft or diaphysis
• Extremities or epiphyses
• Thicker compact bone in
diaphysis 
• Function as levers for movement

Question 15

What features and functions does a short bone have?

Answer 15

• Near equal in width and
length
• Weightbearing/shock
absorption
• Mostly cancellous bone

Question 16

What features and functions does a flat bone have?

Answer 16

• Protection (eg. cranial bones)
• Muscle attachments (eg. scapula)
• Thin plates of compact
bone - some cancellous

Question 17

What shape and function do irregular bones have?

Answer 17

They have variable shape and functions.

Question 18

What does the Axial Skeleton consist of?

Answer 18

Skull, vertebral column, rib cage.

Question 19

Which bones make up the skull?

Answer 19

Cranium, face and mandible bones.

Question 20

What are the divisions of the vertebral column?

Answer 20

• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacrum and coccyx

Question 21

Which bones make up the rib cage?

Answer 21

The ribs and the sternum.

Question 22

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 22

The limbs (arms, forearms, thighs and legs), the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle.

Question 23

What is the human limb structure?

Answer 23

A single proximal long bone with two distal long bones, hands and feet,

Question 24

What are the human limb attachment structures?

Answer 24

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle:

• Clavicle
• Scapula

Pelvic girdle

• Hip bones (2)
• Sacrum (axial)

Question 25

What are the humerus and femur?

Answer 25

Both single long bones in human limbs, humerus = arm, femur = thigh.

Question 26

What are the radius and the ulna?

Answer 26

The two long bones in the forearm.

Question 27

What are the tibia and the fibula?

Answer 27

The two long bones in the leg.

Question 28

Which bones make up the hand?

Answer 28

• Carpals (8)
• Metacarpals (5)
• Phalanges (3)

Question 29

Which bones make up the foot?

Answer 29

• Tarsals (7)
• Metatarsals (5)
• Phalanges (3)

Question 30

Is the clavicle part of the axial skeleton?

Answer 30

No!

Question 31

How many ribs do you have?

Answer 31

24

Question 32

How many pairs of ribs do you have?

Answer 32

12