Lecture 14: Complex movements Flashcards
Which muscle attaches to the scapula and radius?
Biceps brachii
Concentric contraction of the biceps brachii causes what movement at the radioulnar joint?
Supination in the transverse plane
Describe quadrapedal standing. (3)
• base of support
• legs flexed at
several joints
• energy++
Describe bipedal standing. (3)
- relatively small area of contact with ground
- plantar surface of feet
- energy efficient
Is gravity and antagonist or agonist?
It can be either, depending on whether it is opposing or supporting the desired movement.
What happens at the hip in bipedal standing?
The line of gravity is posterior to the joint, joint pushed into extension, ligaments are tight and hip joint is locked.
What happens at the knee in bipedal standing?
The line of gravity is anterior to the joint, joint pushed into extension, ligaments are tight and knee joint is locked.
What happens at the ankle in bipedal standing?
The line of gravity is anterior to the joint, joint falls into dorsiflexion, plantaflexors stabilise (eg. triceps surae), not locked but energy consumed.
How many animals have a bipedal stance?
Only humans.
feet form ______ __ ______, but insufficient size to provide only balance solution
feet form base of support, but insufficient size to provide only balance solution
Where is most of the muscular effort required for standing generated?
At the ankle joint.
What are the two phases of bipedal walking?
Swing and Stance
Gait is ________ and _____.
Gait is characteristic and learnt.
What is the basic pattern of bipedal walking called?
The gait cycle.
In the gait cycle, are your two feet ever on the ground at the same time?
Yes, during the double stance phase.
