Lecture 5 - Social cognition and emotion

Question 1

Who came up with the Facial Affect Programme?

Answer 1

Ekman (1971)

Question 2

Who criticised the idea that emotions are universal?

Answer 2

Russell (1994)

Question 3

What did Russell (1994) do?

Answer 3

Criticised the unversality of emotions. COnducted a met analysis - found that happines wass pretty much universal, but nothing else. What is important across culture is whats culturally appropriate to express and exposure to models that show how to express emotion

Question 4

Who proposed early theories of emotion?

Answer 4

Canon-Bard

James-Lange

Question 5

What did Canon-bard propose as a theory of emotion?

Answer 5

Event-> Stimulus arousal -> emotion

• Argued that the Thalamus regulates emotion
• Thalamic discharge causes fear and arousal

Question 6

outline James-Lange (1887)

Answer 6

argued that arousal causes emotion. We are scared because we are running away from a bear. We are not running away because we are scared

Question 7

Who did the bridge study

Answer 7

Dutton and Aron (1974)

Question 8

What did Dutton & Aron (1974) do ?

Answer 8

• Proved that if you heart is racing, you can misattribute it as love
• If you are scared, youre more likely to find someone attractive
• Misinterpretation of arousal

Question 9

According to the 3 factor theory of love, what is required for romantic love?

Answer 9

1) Cultural concept of love
2) An appropriate person to love
3) Emotional arousal

Question 10

Who discussed primary and secondary appraisals in terms of emotion/

Answer 10

Smith and Lazarus (1990)

Question 11

What were the primary appraisals (quetions) outlined by Smith and Lazarus (1990)

Answer 11

Is this:
- Important to my needs/goals
- Challenging/ harmful
- Congruent to needs/ goals
(Looks at harms and benefits)

Question 12

What were the secondary appraisals (quetions) outlined by Smith and Lazarus (1990)

Answer 12

1) Self/ other responsibility
- who is responsible? If its others, you may feel angy
2) Problem-focused coping potential
- Behaviouraly trying to get rid of stressors in the environment
3) Emotion- focused coping potential
- Trying to internally impiar and change emotions

Question 13

Who came up with a modern version of the fight or flight response?

Answer 13

Blascovich (2008)

Question 14

Outline Blascovich’s fight or flight response

Answer 14

Demand/ threate - Resources equal to/ exceed demand = fight

Demand/ threat - resources inadequate = flight

Question 15

Who described the 4 ways of processing social information?

Answer 15

Forgas (1994, 2002)

Question 16

Outline the 4 ways of processing social information

Answer 16

1) Direct access - accesibility of cognitions in schemas/ memories
2) Motivated processing - achieving a goal or changing a mood
3) Heristic processing - cognitive shortcuts
4) Substantive processing - deliberate and careful elaboration

Question 17

What affect can mood have on recall?

Answer 17

Mood congruent info is more readily recalled than mood incongruent info

Question 18

Define lonlieness

Answer 18

Psychological discomfort felt when social relations are inadequate

Question 19

Defnie emotional loneliness

Answer 19

Psychological discomfort caused by lack of attachment figure

Question 20

Defnie social loneliness

Answer 20

Psychological discomfort caused by lack of friends or associates

Question 21

Define social rejection

Answer 21

Rejection by peers/ in relationships

Question 22

Who explored ostracism in the frisbee experiment

Answer 22

Williams et al (2001)

Question 23

Outline Williams et al (2001)

Answer 23

P’s played frisbee with confederates in one of 3 conditions
1) Equal inclusion - each got it 33%
2) partial ostracism - p only got it 20% of time
3) Full ostracism - never got thrown disc
In condition 3, led to sense of exclusion, decrease in mood and SE

Question 24

Define ostracised

Answer 24

Shunned away, not being part of groups activity

Question 25

What can ostracism lead to?

Answer 25

heightened agression and anger