Lecture 5: Small Animal Orthopedic Exam

Question 1

What should you observe in hands off examination

Answer 1

1. Mentation
2. Symmetry
3. Change in position
4. Posture- offloading, sit test, head/tail carriage, conformational abnormalities

Question 2

what postures A-C indicative of

Answer 2

A. Shifting off painful limb
B- shifting away from painful forelimbs
C- shifting away from painful hind limbs

Question 3

what are some common signs of orthopedic related pain

Answer 3

1. Asymmetrical sitting position
2. Aversion to jump
3. Balking when getting into down position
4. Balking when getting into vehicles
5. Hesitation to sit or stay in sphinx position
6. Poor gait
7. Slow walking

Question 4

aversion to jumping likely means pain where

Answer 4

stifles and spine

Question 5

balking when getting into down position likely means pain where

Answer 5

elbows

Question 6

balking when getting into vehicles likely means pain where

Answer 6

stifles and spine

Question 7

hesitation to sit or stays in sphinx position likely means pain where

Answer 7

spine, stifles, hock, hips

Question 8

Bunny hopping gait is commonly seen with __

Answer 8

hip dysplasia

Question 9

when evaluating hip ROM put them in __ to assess early signs of hip disease

Answer 9

hip extension

Question 10

medial hindlimb exam palpate medial aspect of __ during standing exam

Answer 10

tibia

Question 11

where are radial tumors located in relation to elbow

Answer 11

away from elbow

Question 12

What is campbells test in forelimb

Answer 12

flex the elbow, rotate the carpus to evaluate collateral ligaments

Question 13

What wrong

Answer 13

panosteitis

Question 14

how do you do the biceps test

Answer 14

1. hyperplexion of shoulder while grasping forelimb
2. elbow in extension
3. digital impingement of insertion of biceps tendon

Question 15

what is salter harris fracture 1

Answer 15

epiphyseal slip only

Question 16

what is salter harris fracture 2

Answer 16

fracture through epiphyseal plate with triangle of shaft attached

Question 17

what is salter harris fracture 3

Answer 17

fracture through epiphysis extending into physeal plate

Question 18

what is salter harris fracture 4

Answer 18

fracture of epiphysis and shaft crossing the epiphyseal plate

Question 19

what is a salter harris fracture 5

Answer 19

damage to epiphyseal plate- erasure of growth plate or crush

Question 20

what are the 3 functions of the cranial cruciate ligament/ what do they prevent

Answer 20

1. cranial movement of tibia in relation to femur
2. internal rotation of the tibia
3. hyperextension of the stifle joint

Question 21

what is a positive sit test

Answer 21

when sitting only one hind limb underneath dog, other one splayed out to side

Question 22

what are the landmarks for tibial thrust test and what do you do

Answer 22

patellar tendon and tibial tuberosity

flex hock and assess if cranial movement of tibia

Question 23

what are landmarks for cranial draw test

Answer 23

1. patella
2. lateral fabella
3. tibial tuberosity
4. head of fibula

Question 24

what is a grade 1 patellar luxation

Answer 24

patella in normal position, can luxate but returns to normal position on own

Question 25

what is grade 2 patellar luxation

Answer 25

patella in normal position, can luxate but does not return to normal position on its own

Question 26

what is a grade 3 patellar luxation

Answer 26

patella luxation, can reduce to normal position but re-luxates on own

Question 27

what is a grade 4 patellar luxation

Answer 27

patella luxated, difficult/unable to reduce

Question 28

where are femoral tumors in relation to stifle

Answer 28

towards the knee

Question 29

what type/location of coxofemoral luxation is most common

Answer 29

cranial-dorsal

Question 30

what are 3 landmarks for evaluating coxofemoral joint and in what shape

Answer 30

1. cranial dorsal iliac s[pine 2. ischial tuberosity 3. greater trochanter form triangle

Question 31

what is seen on rads with hip dysplasia

Answer 31

hips partially out of sockets, flattening of femoral heads, arthritis, subluxations, sclerosis, bone spurs

Question 32

what is test for hip dysplasia

Answer 32

ortolani sign

Question 33

where would dog have pain that indicates iliopsoas injury

Answer 33

1. pain on medial rotation of pelvic limb in extension 2. pain on palpation of ventrolateral aspect of lumbar spine and inguinal region 3. pain on abduction of coxofemoral joint

Question 34

how do you evaluate for neck pain

Answer 34

squeeze bear scopulo-humoral joint to look for neck guarding

Question 35

what sign is characteristic of ataxia vs lameness

Answer 35

crossing over

Question 36

is acute lameness more likely to be orthopedic and neuro

Answer 36

orthopedic

Question 37

compression of __can cause acute lameness and can be mistaken for orthopedic lameness

Answer 37

nerve root

Question 38

neuro or orthopedic: pain remains static or progresses

Answer 38

neuro

Question 39

neuro or ortho: pain waxes and wanes

Answer 39

ortho

Question 40

chronic lameness likely neuro or ortho

Answer 40

ortho

Question 41

chronic lameness in forelimb not responsive to NSAIDS should be suspicious of ___

Answer 41

peripheral nerve sheath tumor

Question 42

neuro or ortho: multiple locations affected

Answer 42

neuro

Question 43

neuro or ortho: more likely to be single leg

Answer 43

ortho

Question 44

what orthopedic conditions can be bilateral

Answer 44

hip dysplasia, elbows -FCP

Question 45

what 3 things contribute to elbow dysplasia

Answer 45

1. Un-united anconeal process 2. Fragmented medial coronoid process 3. OCD

Question 46

what are the common locations for osteosarcoma

Answer 46

1. Distal radius- away from elbow 2. Proximal humerus- away from elbow 3. Distal femur- towards knee