Lecture 5: Relevance of Personality Traits

Question 1

academic results

Answer 1

all traits seem to be related to academic achievement in elementary school, but only conscientiousness is later related to academic achievement

Question 2

job performance

Answer 2

overall performance

Question 3

task performance

Answer 3

performance on specific task

Question 4

OCB (organizational citizenship behavior)

Answer 4

behavior that is not formally required but is beneficial to the company or members
- conscientiousness is the strongest predictor of OCB

Question 5

CWB (counterproductive work behavior)

Answer 5

stealing from work, pretending to be ill, bullying
- conscientiousness is strongest predictor of CWB

Question 6

3 main ways personality traits effect physical health

Answer 6

• health behaviors
• coping
• social relationships

Question 7

narrative identity

Answer 7

internalized and evolving life story, sense of units, purpose and meaning
- in late adolescence and young adulthood

Question 8

characteristic adaptations

Answer 8

motives, goals, values, beliefs, and interests
- in childhood

Question 9

dispositional triats

Answer 9

temperament, big five
- from birth

Question 10

Holland’s RIASEC model

Answer 10

• realistic (doers)
• investigative (thinkers)
• artistic (creators)
• social (helpers)
• enterprising (persuaders)
• conventional (organizers)

Question 11

fundamental goals that drive out behaviour

Answer 11

• communion
• status
• autonomy
• achievement

Question 12

communion

Answer 12

desire for harmonious and meaningful relationships and interactions with others

Question 13

status

Answer 13

desire to gain power, influence and prestige

Question 13

autonomy

Answer 13

desire to have control over what to do, when to do it and how to do it

Question 13

achievement

Answer 13

desire to complete things in a timely, careful and efficient manner

Question 13

common approach to analyzing life stories

Answer 13

interviews or in written form
- affective: emotional tone or valence
- motivation: goal-like orientations such as agency or communion

Question 13

why do people want to change?

Answer 13

• improve well-being
• improve social skills
• improve work output
• social norms/expectations

Question 14

personality change through intervention

Answer 14

clinical therapy increases emotional stability even after only 1-2 months

Question 15

resource activation

Answer 15

gratitude journal, focusing on own strengths

Question 15

personality coach (peach)

Answer 15

a smartphone-based personality intervention that uses a variety of interventions

Question 16

self-reflection

Answer 16

exercise in introspection, learning from experiences, including successes and failures

Question 17

psychoeducation

Answer 17

focusing on thoughts and feelings to realize insight

Question 18

behavioral activation task

Answer 18

participants are given new suggestions for behaviour activation tasks every sunday

Question 19

individualized implementation intentions

Answer 19

“if-then plans”

Question 20

top-down process: clinical therapy process

Answer 20

focused on the processes that cause behavior, perceptions, and reactions in the first place

Question 21

bottom-up process

Answer 21

implement intentions, daily challenges, journal of positive experiences, meditations, exercise, etc.