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2AA3 Lectures > Lecture 5 Piaget Stages of Development > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Piaget Stages of Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are operations?

A

special types of schema or mental structure strategies or rules about an object that make thinking more systematic or efficient.

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2
Q

Do kids in the preoperational stage have operations?

A

Nope

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3
Q

Kids ages 2 to 7 are likely in the __________

A

preoperational stage

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4
Q

What are the strengths o pre-operational thought?

A

Symbolic functions

- mental schemes: internal problem solving, language use and symbolic play

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5
Q

Why is symbolic function so important?

A

Speed- more efficient
Scope - think about past, present and future
Social interaction - broadens what you think about

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6
Q

What are the benefits of symbolic play?

A

Children who had large segments of play had better impulse control than those who didn’t. Impulse control is more predictive of school success than IQ

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7
Q

What are the weaknesses of Preoperational thought?

A

Intuitive thinking is not developed. Preoperational thinking is illogical

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8
Q 
Thinking that is:
Rigid- stuck even with new info
insensitive to inconsistencies
Focused on superficial aspects
Egocentric 
Is typical of:
A

Preoperational kids

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9
Q

What are the specific deficiencies of Preoperational thought?

A

1) Animism
2) Egocentrism
3) Centration

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10
Q

Crediting inanimate objects with life and lifelike properties is an example of ________

A

Animism

ex. Sun is hiding

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11
Q

Define Egocentrism:

A

Refers to a childs difficulty in seeing the world from another perspective

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12
Q

What tasks showed egocentrism?

A

1) Three mountain task

2) egocentric speech

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13
Q

Define Centration:

A

Narrowly focused thought, Tunnel vision or the tendency to focus on the most salient aspect of the problem.

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14
Q

How is centration tested?

A

1) conservation tasks

2) Task inclusion tasks

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15
Q

What is a conservation task?

A

Testing the understanding that the quantity of a substance stays the same despite superficial changes.

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16
Q

Define egocentric speech:

A

When speaking children leave out essential details, they don’t realize the audience doesn’t know everything that they know. This is shown in Piaget’s fairtale telling experiment.

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17
Q

Describe the 3 mountain task:

A

Child walks around and describes each side of a mountain. Doll is sat in chair and the child is asked to describe what the doll sees. Children in the preop stage describe what they see.

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18
Q

Describe the conservation tasks and at what age they are acheived:

A

1) conservation of number (age 5) - centration on length
2) Conservation of volume and conservation of mass (age 6 or 7) - centration on shape (vol) and length(mass)
3) Conservation of Length and Conservation of Weight (age 7 or 8) - centration on length and shape (weight)

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19
Q

Why do properational kids make these mistakes?

A

Focus on the most salient aspect and ignore the rest of the problem.

20
Q

Why don’t concrete operational kids make these mistakes?

A

1) Decentration - focus on many aspects
2) Reversibility - superficial can be reversed
3) Overall logic system - advanced problem solving

21
Q

Preoperational kids have ________. The failure to understand the structure and logic of classes and subclasses.

A

categorization inability

22
Q

What is the structure and logic of classes?

A
  • Can belong to multiple classes
  • sub and super ordinate classes
  • subclass is more useful
23
Q

In the wooden bead task kids are told there are 12 wooden bead: 10 red and 2 white. Kids are then asked whether there are more red beads or wooden beads. This is an example of a _________

A

Class inclusion task

24
Q

In the wooden bead task inclusion task how do:

Preoperational kids reply

A

Preop kids know that a wooden necklace would have both red and white beads but still say that a red necklace is longer than a wooden one and that there are more red than wooden beads

25
Q

In the wooden bead task inclusion task how do:

Concrete operational kids reply

A

Correctly - they understand different classes and how they relate.

26
Q

Did piaget underestimate preoperational kids?

A
  • Some theory of mind (lack of egocentrism) evidence preoperational children
  • Conservation tasks vary with culture and experience (piaget would agree with this)
27
Q

Theory of mind evidence in preoperational children:

A

1) 2-3 year olds adjust to others perspectives in some situations ex. holding up picture
2) 4-5 year olds pass the sally - Ann task and acknowledge that only Sally knows where she put the doll since Ann wasn’t there she doesn’t

28
Q

How do conservation tasks vary across cultures:

A
  • If kids sell wares for their parents they do better on the conservation of # task
  • If kids work around clay they do better on conservation of mass task
  • Shows role of experience*
29
Q

At what age is the contrete operational stage likely to occur?

A

Age 7 to 11

30
Q

What are the accomplishments of concrete operational children?

A

1) sophisticated schemas
2) decentration (categ./ class inclu./ conserv. tsks)
3) Reversibility (conserv. tsks)
4) Decreased egocentrism

31
Q

What are the shortcomings of the concrete operations stage?

A

Logic can only be applied to concrete, real world objects and events. No abstract thinking.

32
Q

Concrete opperational children can’t ____________, can;t__________ and have poor_____________.

A

solve abstract problems
make contrary to fact premises
systematic problem solving

33
Q

If 1st graders are kids and all kids are hippos then 1st graders are hippos is a __________ that __________kids won’t be able to solve.

A

contrary to fact premises

concrete operational kids

34
Q

Formal operations stage is generally age _______according to Piaget but recent findings show that it may be _______ and ________

A

age 11 +
much later
many people will never achieve it

35
Q

What are the achievements of the formal operational stage?

A
  • Hypothetical deductive reasoning

- Systematic problem solving

36
Q

Algebra, who is tallest problem and contrary to fact problems are examples of __________. You don’t need to rely on problem solving.

A

Hypothetical deductive reasoning

37
Q

How do concrete and formal op kids differ in the third eye premise?

A

Concrete - on face - where eyes go

Formal op - on a tuff of hair, on hand - show speculation and possibility

38
Q

Piagets pendulum task requires _____ and ______ this is an example of _________.

A

experimentation
holding variables constant
systematic problem solving

39
Q

Did Piaget overestimate attainment of formal ops?

A

Yes possibly

40
Q

Only ____ of grade 12 students can solve formal op task

A

50%

41
Q

De Lisi and Stardt showed what about expertise and formal op?
Study on Pendulum, political and literary problem by physics poli sci and english majors

A

People are generally good at solving problems in field.

42
Q

When tested in __________ 90% of people showed formal thought but when tested in _________ it was closer to 50%

A

their field

another field

43
Q

Intelligence is defined by Piaget as being able to ____________. Therefore it is not a bad thing that _____ affects how we engage in formal operational thought.

A

adapt to the world around us

expertise

44
Q

What are 3 major contributions by Piaget:

A
  • founded discipline of cog. development
  • Kids are active
  • generally accurate as to how kids think at diff. ages
45
Q

what were Piagets misses:

A
  • Failure to distinguish competence from performance

- Vague as to what mechanisms and maturational changes are required to move through the stages

2AA3 Lectures (12 decks)

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