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Gross Anatomy (2) > Lecture 5 - Pelvic Walls and Floor > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Pelvic Walls and Floor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the coxae (sagittal division)?

A

Greater/lesser sciatic notch, ischial spine and tuberostiy, obturator foramen and acetabulum.

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2
Q

What are the bones of the coxae (anterior view)?

A

Iliac blade, anterior superior/inferior iliac spin, pubic tubercle and symphysis.

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3
Q

What are the joints of the coxae?

A

Sacroiliac (ilium to coccyx) and lumboscaral (lumbar vertebrae to sacrum).

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4
Q

What are the bones of the scarum (anterior view)?

A

Ala (‘wings’), body, coccyx (‘tail’), and the sacral foramen.

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5
Q

What are the bones of the sacrum (posterior view)?

A

Sacral canal, sacral hiatus and cornu.

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6
Q

What are the pelvic boundaries?

A

Pubic bodies, rami and symphysis.

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7
Q

What do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments form?

A

The greater and lesser sciatic foramen.

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8
Q

What does the anterior sacroiliac ligament do?

A

Connects the anterior surface of the lateral part of the sacrum to the margin of the auricular surface of the ilium and to the preauricular sulcus.

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9
Q

What does the posterior sacroiliac ligament do?

A

Situated in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium behind; it is strong and forms the chief bond of union between the bones.

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10
Q

Describe the iliacus muscle.

A

Fills the iliac fossa and joins psoas as iliopsoas and insert into lesser trochanter of femur.

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11
Q

What does the iliacus muscle do?

A

Helps flex the hip.

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the ilacus?

A

Femoral nerve.

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13
Q

Describe the psoas muscle.

A

Joins the T12-L4 bodies and intervertebral discs (superficial) and L1-L5 (deep) to the iliacus as iliopsoas, then joins the lesser trochanter of femur.

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14
Q

What does the psoas muscle do?

A

Hip flexion, bend trunk laterally (one), raise trunk from supine position (both).

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15
Q

What nerves innervate the psoas muscle?

A

Lumbar plexus direct branches L2-4 anterior rami.

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16
Q

What are the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus.

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17
Q

Where are the gluteal muscles?

A

Attach to pelvic bones but are not within the pelvic cavity.

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18
Q

What do the gluteal muscles do?

A

Act on the hip joint.

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19
Q

Where does the obturator externus muscle run?

A

Outer surface of obturator membrane to tronchanteric fossa of femur.

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20
Q

Where does the obturator internus muscle run?

A

Inner surface of obturator membrane to medial surface of greater trochanter of femur.

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21
Q

What does the obturator internus do?

A

Lateral rotation of the hip.

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22
Q

What nerve innervates the obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5, S1).

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23
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle run?

A

Pelvic surface of the sacrum to greater trochanter of the femur.

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24
Q

What does the piriformis do?

A

Lateral rotation of hip joint.

25
Q

What nerve innervates the piriformis?

A

Nerve to piriformis direct branch of sacral plexus (S1, S2)

26
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

To prevent prolapse.

27
Q

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus.

28
Q

What is the levator ani?

A

Muscular roof of the anal triangle.

29
Q

Where does the coccygeus muscle run?

A

Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament to the coccyx and inferior sacrum.

30
Q

What does the coccygeus do?

A

Support pelvic viscera, flexion of coccyx.

31
Q

What nerve innervates the coccygeus?

A

Direct branches from sacral plexus (S4, S5).

32
Q

What part of the levator ani is the pubococcygeus?

A

Most medial fibres, attach to and support vagina/prostate gland and rectum.

33
Q

What is the pubococcygeus divided into?

A

Puborectalis, levator prostatae (puboprostaticus) and pubovaginalis.

34
Q

What part of the levator ani is the iIliococcugeus?

A

More lateral fibres of levator ani, anterior to coccygeus.

35
Q

What muscles make up the levator ani?

A

Pubococcyegus and iliococcugeus.

36
Q

What does the levator ani do?

A

Supports the pelvic viscera – contract during forced expiration (coughing etc.)

37
Q

What must happen to allow urination and defecation?

A

Levator ani must relax.

38
Q

What nerve innervates the pubococcygeus?

A

Motor innervation from the pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani.

39
Q

What is the levator prostatae? (Hint: Pubococcygeus in males)

A

Most medial fibres pass around prostate and instert into perineal body.

40
Q

What is the pubovaginalis? (Hint: Pubococcygeus in females)

A

Most medial fibres pass around vagina and insert into perineal body.

41
Q

Is the puborectalis in both sexes?

A

Yes.

42
Q

What is the puborectalis?

A

It’s fibres mix with those from external anal sphincter, modified as a sling around the rectum to help maintain faecal continence.

43
Q

Why is the puborectalis important?

A

Especially important immediately after the rectum has filled (internal anal sphincter open).

44
Q

What nerves innervate the puborectalis?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-4) and nerve to levator ani (S4).

45
Q

Where does the iliococcygeus run?

A

Attaches to fascia of obturator internus and the anococcygeal body/ligament/levator plate.

46
Q

What is the iliococcygeus like in comparison to the pubococcygeus?

A

More fibrous.

47
Q

What is the area of attachment like for the iliococcygeus?

A

Attachment to the fascia of obturator internus described as the tendinous arch of levator ani.

48
Q

What is the perineal body composed of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue.

49
Q

What muscles attach to the perineal body?

A

Levator prostatae, pubovaginalis, external anal sphincter and perineal muscles.

50
Q

What is the fascia like on the internal wall?

A

Parietal pelvic fascia covered– thickened over obturator internus to form tendinous arch of the pelvis (and levator ani).

51
Q

What is the anterior fascia like?

A

Puboprostatic ligament (male), pubovesical ligament (female).

52
Q

What covers the organs?

A

Visceral pelvic fascia covers the organs, parietal and visceral blend as organs pierce the pelvic floor.

53
Q

What is the paracolpium?

A

Lateral extension of visceral fascia from vagina to tendinous arch.

54
Q

What is the endopelvic fascia?

A

Acts as a packing material around the organs, 2 basic types: loose and condensed.

55
Q

What does the loose endopelvic fascia do?

A

Fills ‘spaces’ in the pelvis, for example the retropubic (pre-vesical) space.

56
Q

What are condensations of fascia?

A

Thickenings of the fascia, for example the primary condensation is the hypogastric sheaths running along the posterolateral walls of the pelvis.

57
Q

What does peritoneum form in the female pelvic cavity?

A

The vesico-uterine pouch and the recto-uterine pouch.

58
Q

What does peritoneum form in the male pelvic cavity?

A

The vesico-rectal pouch.

Gross Anatomy (2) (7 decks)

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