Lecture 5 - Only gram negative bacilli Flashcards
What are the four major groups of Enterics
Enterobacteriaceae
Vibrionaceae
Pseudomonadaceae
Bacterioidaceae
What are the biochemical classifications for gram negative bacilli
Ability to ferment lactose
H2S production
Hydrolysis of urea
Liquefy gelatin
Decarboxylation of amino acids`
What are the three surface antigens used to classify enterics
Variable O antigen
K-antigen
H-antigen
What is the variable O-antigen
outermost layer of LPS
What does the k-antigen do
Covers the O antigen
What kind of bacteria would you find the H antigen in
Motile bacteria
What family is salmonellae in
Enterobacteriaceae
Is salmonella able to ferment lactose
NO
Humans are the only host of what species of salmonellae
S. enterica serovar typhi
What are the two species of salmonellael
S. enterica
S. bongori
What two types of salmonella causes enterocolitis
S. enterica serovar enteritidis
S. enterica serovar typhimurium
What two types of salmonellae causes enteric fever
S. enterica serovar Typhi
S. enterica serovar Paratyphi
How long is the recovery period for Enterocolitis
2-3 days
Are antibiotics recommended for enterocolitis
NO
Enterocolitis is also known as:
Tummy troubles lol
What does S. enterica serovar Typhi cause
Typhoid fever
What does S. enterica serovar paratyphi cause
Paratyphoid fever
Which is worse: Typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever
Typhoid fever
What is the mortality rate of untreated enteric fever
10%
What are the two types of carriers for enteric fever
Convalescent carriers
Chronic carriers
How long do convalescent carriers of enteric fever excrete bacteria
3 months
How long do chronic carriers of enteric fever excrete bacteria
At least 6 months, could be lifelong
What two things are used to diagnose enteric fever and when
Blood - first week
Stool and urine - second and third week
What is the infective dose for enteric fever
10^6 organisms
Is there a vaccine for enteric fever
Yes, but only helpful against a small amount of organisms
What is the most numerous aerobic bacteria of normal gut flora
Escherichia coli
Does Escherichia coli ferment lactose
Yes
What are the four kinds of E coli
Enteroinvasive E coli
Enterotoxigenic E coli
Enteropathogenic E coli
E coli 0157:H7
What form of E coli is responsible for travellers diarrhoea
Enterotoxigenic
What form of E coli is responsible for infant diarrhoea in developing countries
Enterotoxigenic
What form of E coli is known as Hamburger disease
0157:H7
What are the two types of Shigellae
S. Sonnei
S. dysenteriae
What form of shigellae causes severe illness
S. dysenteriae
What form of shigella is found in the tropics
S. dysenteriae
What form of shigella is found in europe and north america
S. sonnei
Is there a vaccine for shigellae
NO
Does shigella ferment lactose
Nada
How many organisms does it take to infect from shigellae
Very small number
What bacteria causes Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
How much water loss occurs with cholera
10-15 L
How does cholera causes intense diarrhea (3 steps)
Enterotoxin binds cells in small intestine
Cells secrete chlorides and lowers sodium absorption
Water accumulates in gut which leads to watery diarrhea
What are the two forms of campylobacter
C. jejuni
C. coli
What bacteria is a major cause of human enteritis
Campylobacter
What bacteria is normal flora in birds and domestic animals
Campylobacter
What are two causes of travellers diarrhea
Campylobacter
Enterotoxigenic E coli
What are the two forms of pseudomonas
Aeruginosa
Cepacia
What bactiera is the respiratory pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients
Pseudomonas
What form of bacteria is of major concern to burn patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What bacteria is a common contaminant of saline solutions and water
Pseudomonas cepacia
Name the bacteria:
Normal nasopharyngeal flora
Causes invasive infections of young children
Vaccine available
Haemophilus influenzae
C. sakazakii is a form of what bacteria
Cronobacter
Cronobacter can cause what kind of infections
Nosocomial
What bacteria is the most common cause of stomach ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
Name the bacteria:
Microaerophillic
Spiral bacilli
Helicobacter pylori
What bacteria causes whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
Is there a vaccine for bordetella pertussis
Yep - you got it literally the other day
What bacteria causes legionnaires disease
Legionella pneumophila
Name that bacteria:
Found in moist habitats and water
Antibiotic resistant
Pseudomonas
Name that bacteria:
Grows in water
Exposure by aerosol
NO person to person transmission
Legionella pneumophilia
