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Microbiology and Immunology > Lecture 4 :/ > Flashcards

Lecture 4 :/ Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is staphylococcus aureus gram positive or negative

A

gram positive

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2
Q

what is a big issue surrounding staphylococcus aureus

A

toxins

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3
Q

how many kinds of toxins produce an issue with staphylococcus aureus

A

5

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4
Q

what do cytotoxins do

A

finds a receptor on cell, kills it

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5
Q

what to haemolysins toxins do

A

affect red blood cells

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6
Q

what do enterotoxins do

A

act on intestinal cells and makes immune system go crazy

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7
Q

what are known as superantigens

A

enterotoxins

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8
Q

what do exfoliative toxins do

A

cause scaled skin syndrome

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9
Q

what kind of enzymes does staphylococcus aureus make

A

coagulase
beta-lactamase

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10
Q

whats another name for beta-lactamase and why

A

penicillinase
destroys penicillin

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11
Q

what is coagulase

A

enzyme produced by staphylococcus aureus
coagulation of fibrin

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12
Q

what causes localized purulent infections

A

staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

what 4 big issues does staphylococcus aureus cause

A

pneumonia
osteomyelitis
septicemia
endocarditis

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14
Q

what causes food poisoning

A

staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

what percent of staphylococcus aureus strains are penicillin resistant

A

85-90

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16
Q

what bacteria is a big cause of hospital acquired infections

A

staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

what bacteria is a part of normal skin flora

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

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18
Q

what bacteria is non pathogenic except in compromised patients

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

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19
Q

what kind of bacteria is arranged in pairs or forming chains

A

streptococci

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20
Q

what is streptos the greek word for

A

twisted

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21
Q

what does nosocomial mean

A

hospital acquired

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22
Q

what does streptococci mean

A

beads on a string

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23
Q

are all streptococci haemolytic

A

no maam

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24
Q

alpha hemolytic streptococci

A

partially destroys red blood cells

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25
Q

gamma hemolytic streptococci

A

does nothing to rbc

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26
Q

beta-hemolytic streptococci

A

fully destroys rbc

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27
Q

what are the 3 ways streptococci are subdivided

A

haemolytic properties
carbohydrate C antigen
m protein (may have another layer)

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28
Q

is streptococci gram positive or negative

A

positive

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29
Q

what group is streptococcus pyogenes in

A

group A

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30
Q

what is the hemolytic properties of streptococcus pyogenes

A

beta-hemolytic

31
Q

what can streptococcus pyogenes cause (4)

A

strep throat
skin infections
fever
septicaemia

32
Q

what is the damage from streptococcus pyogenes caused by

A

toxins

33
Q

what are the two toxins associated with streptococcus pyogenes and what they do

A

streptolysins - affect RBC
spes - causes scarlet fever rash

34
Q

what is another word for strep throat

A

acute tonsillitis

35
Q

what enzyme is secreted by streptococcus pyogenes

A

hyaluronidase

36
Q

what is the function of hyaluronidase

A

helps spread bacteria

37
Q

is streptococcus pyogenes sensitive or resistant to penicillin

A

sensitive

38
Q

what is the doctor’s plague

A

doctors not washing hands before delivering babies

39
Q

what is responsible for the damage with necrotizing fasciitis

A

toxins

40
Q

What is the group b streptococci we learned about

A

streptococcus agalactiae

41
Q

what is the bacteria found in the vagina of healthy women

A

streptococcus agalactiae

42
Q

what bacteria could cause neonatal infections

A

streptococcus agalactiae

43
Q

what 2 things can streptococcus agalactiae cause

A

early septicemia
respiratory distress or shock at birth

44
Q

what bacteria is referred to as a diplococci

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

45
Q

what is streptococcus pneumoniae also known as

A

pneumococcus

46
Q

what group is streptococcus faecalis in

A

Group d aka enterococcus

47
Q

where is streptococcus faecalis found

A

its normal flora of the gi tract

48
Q

what bacteria can cause endocarditis in individuals with damaged heart valves

A

viridens streptococci

49
Q

where is streptococcus pneumoniae found

A

naso-pharynx of healthy individuals

50
Q

what two things can streptococcus pneumoniae cause

A

lobar pneumonia
meningitis

51
Q

what properties does the polysaccharide capsule of streptococcus pneumoniae have

A

antiphagocytic

52
Q

what are the two gram negative cocci we learned about

A

neisseria meningitidis
neisseria gonorrhoeae

53
Q

what bacteria uses chocolate agar

A

neisseria meningitidis

54
Q

what does neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae have in common (3)

A

cause menigitis
found in naso pharynx of healthy individauls
have antiphagocytic capsule

55
Q

what bacteria has an antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule (2)

A

neisseria meningitidis
streptococci pneumoniae

56
Q

does neisseria meningitidis
only affect humans

A

yep

57
Q

how does Neisseria meningitidis present

A

starts as a skin rash, leads to septicemia

58
Q

what is the primary antibiotic used for neisseria meningitidis

A

penicillin

59
Q

is there a vaccine for neisseria meningitidis

A

Yes! yayyyyy

60
Q

who does neisseria meningitidis affect

A

children
those living in crowded living quarters

61
Q

what can an infection of neisseria meningitidis
lead to (3)

A

meningitis (shocker)
septicaemia
waterhouse-friederichsens syndrome

62
Q

what is waterhouse-friderichsens syndrome

A

the most severe form of septicaemia caused by neisseria meningitidis

complication of speticaemia

63
Q

what is N. gonorrhoeae growth very sensitive to (2)

A

drying
changes in temperature

64
Q

in a clinical lab, what plates does n. gonorrhoeae grow on

A

thayer-martin plates

65
Q

what gender has 50% of cases asymptomatic with n. gonorrhoeae

A

women

66
Q

what does clinical gonorrhoeae cause in men

A

acute urethra infection

67
Q

what is disseminated gonococcal infection

A

1-3% of cases due to n. gonorrhoeae; mostly women

68
Q

where on men do you swab to look for n. gonorrhoeae

A

urethral discharge

69
Q

where do you swab on women to look for n. gonorrhoeae

A

endocervical, urethral and anal swabs

70
Q

is there a vaccine for n. gonorrhoeae

A

nope

71
Q

is n. gonorrhoeae sensitive to penicillin

A

no, becoming resistant

72
Q

neonatal infections caused by n. gonorrhoeae can lead to what

A

gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum

73
Q

what bacteria causes necrotizing fasciitis

A

streptococcus pyogenes

Microbiology and Immunology (10 decks)

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