Lecture 4 :/ Flashcards
is staphylococcus aureus gram positive or negative
gram positive
what is a big issue surrounding staphylococcus aureus
toxins
how many kinds of toxins produce an issue with staphylococcus aureus
5
what do cytotoxins do
finds a receptor on cell, kills it
what to haemolysins toxins do
affect red blood cells
what do enterotoxins do
act on intestinal cells and makes immune system go crazy
what are known as superantigens
enterotoxins
what do exfoliative toxins do
cause scaled skin syndrome
what kind of enzymes does staphylococcus aureus make
coagulase
beta-lactamase
whats another name for beta-lactamase and why
penicillinase
destroys penicillin
what is coagulase
enzyme produced by staphylococcus aureus
coagulation of fibrin
what causes localized purulent infections
staphylococcus aureus
what 4 big issues does staphylococcus aureus cause
pneumonia
osteomyelitis
septicemia
endocarditis
what causes food poisoning
staphylococcus aureus
what percent of staphylococcus aureus strains are penicillin resistant
85-90
what bacteria is a big cause of hospital acquired infections
staphylococcus aureus
what bacteria is a part of normal skin flora
staphylococcus epidermidis
what bacteria is non pathogenic except in compromised patients
staphylococcus epidermidis
what kind of bacteria is arranged in pairs or forming chains
streptococci
what is streptos the greek word for
twisted
what does nosocomial mean
hospital acquired
what does streptococci mean
beads on a string
are all streptococci haemolytic
no maam
alpha hemolytic streptococci
partially destroys red blood cells
gamma hemolytic streptococci
does nothing to rbc
beta-hemolytic streptococci
fully destroys rbc
what are the 3 ways streptococci are subdivided
haemolytic properties
carbohydrate C antigen
m protein (may have another layer)
is streptococci gram positive or negative
positive
what group is streptococcus pyogenes in
group A
what is the hemolytic properties of streptococcus pyogenes
beta-hemolytic
what can streptococcus pyogenes cause (4)
strep throat
skin infections
fever
septicaemia
what is the damage from streptococcus pyogenes caused by
toxins
what are the two toxins associated with streptococcus pyogenes and what they do
streptolysins - affect RBC
spes - causes scarlet fever rash
what is another word for strep throat
acute tonsillitis
what enzyme is secreted by streptococcus pyogenes
hyaluronidase
what is the function of hyaluronidase
helps spread bacteria
is streptococcus pyogenes sensitive or resistant to penicillin
sensitive
what is the doctor’s plague
doctors not washing hands before delivering babies
what is responsible for the damage with necrotizing fasciitis
toxins
What is the group b streptococci we learned about
streptococcus agalactiae
what is the bacteria found in the vagina of healthy women
streptococcus agalactiae
what bacteria could cause neonatal infections
streptococcus agalactiae
what 2 things can streptococcus agalactiae cause
early septicemia
respiratory distress or shock at birth
what bacteria is referred to as a diplococci
streptococcus pneumoniae
what is streptococcus pneumoniae also known as
pneumococcus
what group is streptococcus faecalis in
Group d aka enterococcus
where is streptococcus faecalis found
its normal flora of the gi tract
what bacteria can cause endocarditis in individuals with damaged heart valves
viridens streptococci
where is streptococcus pneumoniae found
naso-pharynx of healthy individuals
what two things can streptococcus pneumoniae cause
lobar pneumonia
meningitis
what properties does the polysaccharide capsule of streptococcus pneumoniae have
antiphagocytic
what are the two gram negative cocci we learned about
neisseria meningitidis
neisseria gonorrhoeae
what bacteria uses chocolate agar
neisseria meningitidis
what does neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae have in common (3)
cause menigitis
found in naso pharynx of healthy individauls
have antiphagocytic capsule
what bacteria has an antiphagocytic polysaccharide capsule (2)
neisseria meningitidis
streptococci pneumoniae
does neisseria meningitidis
only affect humans
yep
how does Neisseria meningitidis present
starts as a skin rash, leads to septicemia
what is the primary antibiotic used for neisseria meningitidis
penicillin
is there a vaccine for neisseria meningitidis
Yes! yayyyyy
who does neisseria meningitidis affect
children
those living in crowded living quarters
what can an infection of neisseria meningitidis
lead to (3)
meningitis (shocker)
septicaemia
waterhouse-friederichsens syndrome
what is waterhouse-friderichsens syndrome
the most severe form of septicaemia caused by neisseria meningitidis
complication of speticaemia
what is N. gonorrhoeae growth very sensitive to (2)
drying
changes in temperature
in a clinical lab, what plates does n. gonorrhoeae grow on
thayer-martin plates
what gender has 50% of cases asymptomatic with n. gonorrhoeae
women
what does clinical gonorrhoeae cause in men
acute urethra infection
what is disseminated gonococcal infection
1-3% of cases due to n. gonorrhoeae; mostly women
where on men do you swab to look for n. gonorrhoeae
urethral discharge
where do you swab on women to look for n. gonorrhoeae
endocervical, urethral and anal swabs
is there a vaccine for n. gonorrhoeae
nope
is n. gonorrhoeae sensitive to penicillin
no, becoming resistant
neonatal infections caused by n. gonorrhoeae can lead to what
gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
what bacteria causes necrotizing fasciitis
streptococcus pyogenes
