Lecture 5 Flashcards
What 2 species can salmonellae be divided into
Salmonellae bongori
Salmonellae enterica
What species can salmonellae enterica be divided into (4)
S. enterica serovar typhi
S. enterica serovar paratyphi
S. enterica serovar typhimurium
S. enterica serovar enteritidis
When trying to figure out the salmonellae species, what word should you think of?
Typhi
How many gram negative bacteria did we learn about that have subspecies
6
What are the 4 kinds of Escherichia coli
e. coli enterotoxigenic
e. coli enteropathogenic
e. coli enteroinvasive
e. coli 0157: H7
What are the two spore forming rods
Bacillus
Clostridium
How many bacillus bacteria are there
2
what are the two bacillus bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
What does b. anthracis cause
anthrax
is there a vaccine for b. anthracis
Yep
What is the vaccine targeted towards in b. anthracis
One of the exotoxin proteins, protective antigen
What are the 3 proteins in the exotoxins in bacillus antracis
Edema factor
Protective agent
Lethal factor
Can you treat those infected with b. anthracis
Yes, use antibiotics
What does b. cereus cause
food poisoning
What are the two kinds of enterotoxins
heat labile
heat stable
can you use antibiotics to treat bacillus cereus
no
How does clostridium differ from other spore forming bacilli
its anaerobic
what leads to rapid diagnosis with clostridium bacilli
Powerful exotoxins
How does clostridium botulinum affect the body
Blocks Ach release, causes flaccid muscle paralysis
Why does blocking Ach cause muscle paralysis
Stops the smooth muscles from being able to contract
How is infant botulism caused
Honey contaminated with spores
What bacilli causes tetanus
clostridium tetani
what is the exotoxin associated with clostridium tetani
tetanospasmin
is there a vaccine for clostridium tetani
yes
What are the stages of infection with clostridium perfringens
1) wound infection/cellulitis
2) clostridial myonecrosis
what does clostridium perfringens cause
gas gangrene
what does the skin look like in the first stage of infection with clostridium perfringens
moist and spongy with crackly pockets
what happens in the second stage of infection with clostridium perfringes (3)
bacteria goes to muscles
exotoxin destroys muscles
black fluid excretes from skin
Can clostridial myonecrosis be treated, how
yes, antibiotics oxygen, remove damaged tissue
what bacilli is clostridial myonecrosis caused by
clostridium perfringens
what is a main cause of infection with clostridium difficile
overuse of antibiotics
what is antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis caused by
overuse of antibiotics, infection from clostridium difficile
What are the two toxins associated with clostridium difficile
Toxin A and B
What does toxin A cause? what bacilli
diarrhea
clostridium difficile
what does toxin b do
what bacilli
its cytotoxic to colon cells
clostridium difficile
are clostridium spore producing
yes
are clostridium aerobic or anaerobic
anaerobic
are bacillus aerobic or anaerobic
aerobic
are bacillus spore producing
yes
how to treat clostridium difficile
stop antibiotics
give metronidazole or vancomycin
what are the two non spore producing bacilli
listeria monocytogenes
corynebacterium diptheriae
What are 3 big characteristics of listeria monocytogenes
crosses 3 protective barriers
psychrophile
facultative intracellular aerobe
what 3 protective barriers does listeria monocytogenes cross
blood brain
GI
feto-placental
where is listeria monocytogenes found
soft cheeses
unpasteurized milk
cold cuts
pate
etc
what is the bacteria that causes diptheria
cornybacterium diptheriae
how do you treat corynebacterium diptheriae
antitoxin
penicillin/erythromycin
DPT vaccine
what bacilli can be lysogenized by a bacteriophage
corynebacterium diptheriae
What are the four major groups of enterics
enterobacteriaceae
virbrionaceae
psuedomonadaceae
bacterioidaceae
what group of enterics does salmonellae, shigellae and e coli belong to
enterobacteriaceae
what group of enterics does vibrio and campylobacter belong to
virbionaceae
what group of enterics does pseudomonas belong to
pseudomonadaceae
what colour do lactose fermenters show up as with macconkey media
pink/purple
what colour do lactose fermenters show up as with EMB media
dark purple/black
What does macconkey and emb media inhibit
Gram positive bacteria
What are the 5 biochemical classification in which enterics are categorized by
ability to ferment lactose
H2S production
hydrolysis of urea
liquefy gelatin
decarboxylation of aa’s
what are the 3 ways enterics are classified with surface antigens
variable 0 antigen
K antigen
H antigen
Where do you find the O-antigen
outermost layer of lipopolysaccharides
what kind of bacteria have LPS
Gram negative
what covers the O antigen
K antigen
Where is the only place the H antigen is found
motile bacteria
Can salmonellae ferment lactose
No
what is the only kind of salmonellae that only affects humans
salmonellae enterica serovar typhi
What two kinds of salmonellae cause enterocolitis
s. enterica serovar enteritidis
s. enterica serovar typhimurium
what two kinds of salmonellae cause enteric fever
s. enterica serovar typhi
s. enterica serovar paratyphi
What is the minimum does for pathogenicity of s. enterica serovar enteritidis
10^5
what is the incubation time of s. enterica serovar enteritidis
6-48 hours
Where does multiplication of s. enterica serovar enteritidis occur
small intestine
How long does it take to recover from enterocolitis
2-3 days
what bacteria causes typhoid fever
s. enterica serovar typhi
is typhoid or paratyphoid fever worse
typhoid
what 3 bacteria cause paratyphoid fever
s. enterica serotypes:
paratyphi A
schottmuelleri
hirschfeldii
where does bacteria multiply with enteric fever
lymphoid tissue
what is mortality rate of untreated enteric fever
10 percent
how long do convalescent carriers of enteric fever excrete bacteria for
3 months
how long do chronic carriers of enteric fever excrete bacteria for
at least 6 months
what is the infective dose with enteric fever
10^6 organisms
is there a vaccine for enteric fever
yes, but only works against small quantities of bacteria
what is the most numerous aerobic bacteria of your normal gut flora
escherichia coli
is escherichia coli lactose fermenting
yes
what bacilli is responsible for 85% of bacteriuria
escheriachia coli
Escherichia coli is _______ to the rest of the body
pathogenic
what bacilli causes infant and travellers’s diarrhoea
enterotoxigenic E. coli
what type of escheriachia coli has similar symptoms to shigellosis
enteroinvasive e. coli
what big thing does escheriachia coli cause
gastroenteritis
What is the older name for some serotypes that cuased infant diarrhoea
enteropathogenic e. coli
what kind of e coli was named the hamburger disease
O157:H7
What type of e coli causes haemorrhagic colitis
e. coli O157:H7
What is found in the diarrhoea of someone with shigellae
mucus
pus
blood
does shigellae ferment lactose
not generally no
what type of shigellae is found in north america and europe
shigella sonnei
what type of shigellae is found in the tropics
shigella dysenteriae
Is there a vaccine against shigellae bacilli
NO
does shigellae cause a mild or severe illness
severe
what is the number of organisms for infection with shigella dysenteriae
a small number
What bacilli causes cholera
vibro cholerae
what is the biggest cause of concern with vibrio cholerae
water loss
how much water loss per day due to vibrio cholerae
10-15 liters
Where do enterotoxins from vibrio cholerae bind
to cells in the small intestine
how does virbrio cholerae cause water loss
enterotoxins bind to cells in small intestine
cells secrete chlorides - lowers Na absorption
water accumulates in gut
watery diarrhoea
what do cells secrete when binded with vibrio cholerae enterotoxins
chlorides
what bacilli is normal flora in birds and domestic animals
campylobacter
what bacteria is a major cause of human enteritis
campylobacter
what are the two kinds of campylobacter bacilli
c. jejuni
c. coli
what bacilli has humidifiers as a source of infection
pseudomonas
why is treatment of psuedomonas difficult
all are resistant to a lot of bacteria
what is one characteristic of pseudomonas
its an opportunistic pathogen
what type of bacilli are the respriatory pathogens in cystic fibrosis patients
pseudomonas
what are the two kinds of pseudomonas
p. aeruginosa
p. cepacia
what type of pseudomonas can mulitply in a low nutrient environment
pseudomonas cepacia
what type of psuedomonas is a common contaminant of saline solutions and water
pseudomonas cepacia
is there a vaccine for haemophilus influenzae
yes
what bacilli is a part of normal nasopharyngeal flora in people
haemophilus influenzae
what bacilli si linked to infant illness from powdered formula
cronobacter sakazakii
what bacilli is the most common cause of stomach ulcers
helicobacter pylori
what protects helicobacter pylor from low stomach pH
urease
how do you treat helicobacter pylori
antibiotics and H+ pump inhibitors
what does it mean to be microaerophillic
needs less oxygen than present in atmosphere
what bacilli is microaerophillic
helicobacter pylori
what bacilli causes whopping cough
bordetella pertussis
what are the 4 virulence factors of bordetella pertussis
pertussis toxin
cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase
filamentous hemagglutinin
tracheal cytotoxin
what does cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase do
weakens host defense
what does filamentous hemmagglutinin do
allows attachment to the hosts respiratory tract and releases exotoxins
what does tracheal cyttotoxin do
destroys ciliated cells
Is there a vaccine for bordetella pertussis
yep
what bacilli would you find filamentous hemagglutinin on
bordetella pertussis
what causes legionnaires disease
legionella pneumophila
what 2 things can legionella pneumophila cause
severe pneumonia
legionnaires disease
is there person to person transmission of legionella pneumophila
nope, exposure is by aresol
where does legionellla pneumophila grow
water
