Lecture 5: Muscle Energy and Articulatory Principles

Question 1

What type of technique is Muscle Energy?

Answer 1

ACTIVE and DIRECT

Question 2

What is the goal of eccentric contractions?

Answer 2

Lengthen muscle

Question 3

What is the goal of concentric contractions?

Answer 3

Shorten muscle

Question 4

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 4

A contraction with a reciprocal counterforce that allows a constant tone (Ex. biceps curls)
-Can be either eccentric or concentric

Question 5

What is an isokinetic contraction?

Answer 5

Concentric contraction in which joint motion is at a constant rate/speed (Ex. Biking at constant RPM despite resistance level)

Question 6

What is an isolytic contraction?

Answer 6

Eccentric contraction in which the concentric contraction is overpowered by a stronger counter force (Ex trying to flex biceps but extension is forced)

Question 7

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 7

Distance between origin and insertion of muscle is maintained at a constant length (Ex Wall Squats)
-Not eccentric or concentric

Question 8

What is the goal of Post-isometric Relaxation?

Answer 8

Muscle Relaxation

Question 9

What is the physiology behind Post-isometric Relaxation?

Answer 9

1. Passive stretching w/o strong myotatic reflex is possible immediately after isometric contraction
2. Golgi organ proprioceptors in tendons can inhibit active muscle’s contraction

Question 10

Briefly, explain the process behind Post-isometric Relaxation.

Answer 10

The physician will passively move the patient into the restrictive barrier while the patient will move away from the restrictive barrier. The force is kept for 3-5 seconds before the patient briefly relaxes and the physician will continue to move the patient into the barrier until no new barriers are reached.

Question 11

What is the goal of Reciprocal Relaxation?

Answer 11

Length muscle shortened by cramp or acute spasm

Question 12

What is the physiology behind Reciprocal Relaxation?

Answer 12

Instead of treating the agonist muscle of interest, treat its antagonistic group (ipsilateral)

Question 13

What is the goal of Crossed Extensor Relaxation?

Answer 13

Treat muscles that are very injured, the muscle itself cannot be manipulated

Question 14

What is the physiology behind Crossed Extensor Relaxation?

Answer 14

1. Learned cross pattern locomotion reflexes in CNS
2. Example (Walking): Flexor muscles in one extremity is contracted voluntary so the contralateral muscles are relaxed.
   - Treat contralateral muscle

Question 15

What is the goal of Oculocephalogyric Reflex?

Answer 15

Affect reflex muscle contractions using eye motion

Question 16

What is the physiology behind Oculocephalogyric Reflex?

Answer 16

Eye movements reflexively affect cervical and truncal musculature as body attempts to follow eye motion

Question 17

What is the goal of Respiratory Assistance?

Answer 17

Improve body with voluntary respiratory motions

Question 18

What is the physiology behind Respiratory Assistance?

Answer 18

1. Muscular forces are impacted by breathing.
2. Physician applies fulcrum against respiratory forces to improve body function.
3. Can be seen in spine, pelvis, extremities, and sacral regions.

Question 19

What is the goal of Isolytic Lengthening?

Answer 19

Lengthen a muscle shortened by contracture, fibrosis, or any other chronic issues

Question 20

What is the physiology behind Isolytic Lengthening?

Answer 20

Vibration has some effect on myotatic units in addition to mechanical and circulatory effects

Question 21

What is the goal of Isokinetic Strengthening?

Answer 21

Reestablish normal tone and strength in muscle weakened by hypertonicity of opposing muscle group

Question 22

What is the physiology behind Isokinetic Strengthening?

Answer 22

1. Asymmetry of ROM can lead to asymmetry in muscle strength
2. During concentric contractions, muscles will shorten but more controlled
   Ex: Weak quadriceps can be a result of hypertonic or short hamstrings

Question 23

What is the goal of joint mobilization using muscle force?

Answer 23

Restoration of joint motion in an articular dysfunction

Question 24

What is the physiology behind joint mobilization using muscle force?

Answer 24

1. Hypertonicity of musculature across a join can cause distortion of articular relationships and motion loss
2. Increase in muscle tone can compress joint surface
3. Restoration of motion is related to reflex relation of previously hypertonic musculature
   Ex: Anteriorly Rotated Pelvis

Question 25

How can muscle force from one region of the body achieve movement on another bone region?

Answer 25

It can be more effective to move an adjacent body structure since that force is transmitted to structure of interest and its response can treat SD
Ex: SCM muscle and clavicle

Question 26

What factors can prevent a successful Muscle Energy Treatment?

Answer 26

1. Too much pressure
2. Too much pressure in wrong direction
3. Counterforce in wrong direction
4. Contraction is not sustained long enough
5. Not enough rest time after contraction
6. Incorrect instructions
7. Moving to new joint position too soon after patient stops contracting

Question 27

What type of technique is Articulatory?

Answer 27

Passive and Direct

-low velocity and high amplitude

Question 28

Briefly, explain the process behind Articulatory techniques.

Answer 28

Physician will continue use repetitive motions to get through restrictive barrier to treat SD.

Question 29

Which groups of people can tolerate ART better compared to most other OS techniques?

Answer 29

1. Arthritic patients
2. Elderly and frail
3. Critically ill
4. Post-op patients
5. Infants and young children
6. Patients who can’t follow instructions