Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 1: OS Exam 1 > 2.3 Chapmans Reflexes > Flashcards

2.3 Chapmans Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

describe a monosynaptic reflex

A

primary afferent neuron
one synapse
central motor efferent neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the cell body in the afferent sensory neuron located

A

in the dorsal root ganlion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of primary afferents?

A

small cell body: lightley myelinated or unmyelniated, beta afferent, crude, touch, nociceptor

Large cell body

  • myelinated alpha-afferent
  • proprioception, discrimination mechanoreceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where is the cell body of the motor efferent neuron located

A

the ventral horn of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a polysynaptic reflex circuit

A

utilize interneurons between afferent and motor efferents

-many modulations possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nerves involved in autonomic reflex arc

A

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
splanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

autonomic reflex arc: afferent nerve of relex

A

neuron to viscera/blood vessel—>cell body in dorsal root ganglia—>central process terminates in dorsal horn on:
motor efferent or interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

efferent nerve of reflex cell body location

A

in lateral horn of cord or brain stem nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

efferent nerve reflex (preganglionic) axons can be ____ or ____

A

myelinated or unmyelinated

Myelinated: terminate on ganglion neurons outside CNS
on fascia of body wall or organs

unmyelinated preganglionic axons: travel from ganglia to cell targets of visceral organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ANS has _____ efferent neurons in the pathway and somatic PNS has ___

A

2,1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ganglionic neurons of the ANS are in 3 locations

A

1) paravertebral ganglia (symp trunk)
2) collateral ganglia (clusters along large vessels of abdominal cavity)
3) hypogastric ganglia (fasica of visceral organs of pelvis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

somato-somatic reflex is what?

example?

A

afferent axon from somatic structure
efferent motor to somatic structure
-may have at least 1 interneuron
-example: touch hot object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

visceral-visceral reflex

A

sensory from viscera to cord
efferent motor to viscera via ANS

-example: distended bowel reflexing back to cause spasm in muscular layer of bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

viscero-somatic/somato-visceral reflex

  • interneurons yes or no?
  • what type of pain?
A

afferent sensory axon from viscera or somatic structure
efferent motor terminates on somatic or visceral structure
-interneurons involved
-referred pain
-visceral pain referred to somatic structures (appendicitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

myocardial infarction is what type of reflex with referred pain

A

viscero-somatic

  • artery clots = sensory to cord
  • output to shoulder/neck/arm/symp system = motor output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

treatment of the spinal level will do what to the visceral problem

A

will not cure it but will decrease visceral efferents thus calming of abnormal reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

frank chapman biography

A

graduated from ASO in 1899
practiced in chattagnooga, TN
expreience in palpation led to development of reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

clinical application of chapmans points

A

palpation revealed nodules (ganglioform contractions)

-points of palpation on anterior and posterior = viscerosomatc reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

process of chapmans points

A

locate point by anatomy, anterior points first

  • diagnosis = anterior
  • treatment = poserior

verify by palpation
gently rotate tip of finger over point
recheck anterior points after treating posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when is the treatment complete of chapman points

A

when reflex is gone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how long to treat each point

A

10-30 seconds, less is better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

finding the anterior points sinus issue

A

approximately 3.5 inches lateral to the sternum on upper border of second rib in first intercostal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

treating posterior point sinus issue

A

midway between spinous process and TP on CV2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

patient with pelvic pain where do you palpate and what does this check for

A

palpate IT band on lateral side of thigh

-checks prostate or broad ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
checking the colon top 1/5 = mid 3/5 = lowest 1/5 =
area from greater trochanter to just above the patella on anterolateral part of thigh top 1/5 = cecum mid 3/5 = ascending colon lowest 1/5 = transverse colon
26
examine points for ovaries
upper pubic symphysis
27
groin gland examine point
last 2/5 of sartorius muscle
28
kidney point and signs
inch lateral and above umbilicus | -polyuria, anuria
29
adrenal point and signs
inch lateral and 2 inches aboveumbilicus | -fatigue, malaise, insufficient sleep
30
thyroid points and signs
intercostal space between ribs 2-3 close to sternum | -nervousness, wt loss, tachycardia
31
hepatic congestion point
on right midmammilary line btwn ribs 6-7
32
pyloric reflexes
between ribs 5-6 and 6-7 on left
33
splenic reflex
on LEFT between ribs 7-8 at intercostal cartilage
34
small intestine
intercostal spaces ribs 8-9 = upper ribs 9-10 = middle ribs 10-11 = lower
35
what are the small intestine points used for
differential between ulcer and enteritis
36
acupuncture kidney channel-K11 -fullness in lower abdomen, dysuria Chapman?
urethra reflex | urethral cystitis
37
acupuncture liver 14: abdominal distension, acid regurgitation chapman?
gastric hypercongestion - midmammilary line 6th intercostal space - fermentation of stomach contents
38
acupuncture stomach 18: pain in chest (heartburn) -chapman?
hyperacidity midmammilary line 5th ICS hyperchlorydria gastric ulcer
39
acupuncture abdominal lament spleen 16: indigestion, dysentery chapman?
Small intestine - ICS 8-9,9-10,10-11 - indigestion, enteritis
40
acupuncture kidney 25: cough, asthma chapman?
bronchitis - 2nd ICS - congestion in chest, bronchitis
41
appendix point anterior
tip of 12th rib on right
42
appendix posterior point
between TP of T11-T12 | -some tenderness, but no palpable nodule
43
what layers in the spinal cord gray mater are mechanoreceptors located?
3 and 4
44
what layers in the spinal cord gray mater are a-delta fast pain fibers located?
1 and 5
45
what layers in the spinal cord gray mater are small C fibers of slow pain located?
2
46
what could account for visceral pain being so diffuse?
overlap of visceral and somatic input in SC gray matter and many afferent branches go both caudal and cephalad
47
what accounts for localized pain patterns?
interaction of afferents with somatic efferents
48
decompensation of homeostasis
Altered or impaired function due to relationship b/t visceral and somatic dysfunctions - visceral disturbances reflexively activate somatic musculature which produces dysfunction - somatic disturbance can also reflexives alter visceral function
49
somatic component of disease
msk palpatory findings may correlate with visceral disturbances, so normalizing the MS component may normalize autonomic outflow and restore homeostasis
50
what is facilitation?
maintain pool of neurons in state of sub threshold excitation so less afferent stimulation is required to trigger discharge of impulses *less stim to illicit reflex (ex: music in scary movie facilitates you)
51
Where are nociception absent in the body?
brain and hyaline cartilage
52
what is the current theory for the cause of facilitation?
nociception | -release of peptides in inflammatory cascade lower nociceptor thresholds thus increasing output to cord
53
what disrupts the balance between habituation and sensitization?
inflammation
54
short term excitability-sensitization
1-2 sec of afferent input with excitability lasting 90-120 secs
55
What is long term sensitization?
input of several minutes is hours of excitability
56
who was the first to show reflex changes using EMG?
Denslow- correlated long-lasting, low threshold areas of afferent input to areas of injury and disease
57
who coined term facilitated segment and what does that mean?
Korr low threshold spinal reflexes represented pathways in hyper-excited state by cont. bombardment of inputs
58
allostasis
the process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis
59
hyperalgesia
exaggerated response to noxious stimulus -secondary hyperalgesia = central sensitization
60
examples of somatovisceral reflexes? (3)
1. somatio-cardiac 2. ""-gastric 3. ""-adrenal
61
Somatocardiac reflex
nociceptive somatic stimuli results in increase HR and BP
62
somatogastric reflex
nociceptive somatic stimuli resulting in inhibition of peristalsis in stomach
63
somatic adrenal reflex
nociceptive somatic stimuli resulting in release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla -ex: increased catecholamine in response to movement of knee
64
head and neck (including upper esophagus) sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
T1-5
65
Upper GI (including upper esophagus) sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
T5-10
66
SI/ascending colon sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
T9-11
67
Ascending and transverse colon sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
T10-12
68
descending and sigmoid colon sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
T12-L2
69
descending and sigmoid colon parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
S2-4
70
extremity sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
-no parasympathetic | T2-7/T11-L2
71
Heart sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level
T1-6
72
heart parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflex nerve
Vagus n
73
Lungs sympathetic viscerosomatic reflex level and parasympathetic n
T1-7 | para: vagus n
74
What are chapman reflexes?
A system of viscerosomatic reflex points that present as predictable anterior and posterior fascial tissue texture abnormalities due to lymph stasis secondary to visceral dysfunction
75
What are the palpatory features of chapman's points?
located deep to the skin in areolar tissue, paired posterior and anterior points, small, smooth, and firm nodule approximately 2-3 mm in diameter
76
who originally used chapman's reflexes and who described them?
used: Frank Chapman described: Charles Owens
77
when did chapman first publish his original chart and text for lymphatic reflexes?
1929
78
3 characteristics of chapman's reflexes?
1. viscerosomatic: diagnostic and treatment value 2. Gangliform contraction that blocks lymph drainage and causes SNS dysfunction (consistent reproducible points) 3. anterior and posterior consistent reproducible points relating to specific organ or condition
79
How did Owens first describe palpatory features in 1943?
1. gangliform 2. edematous 3. ridge like or ropy 4. fibrospongy 5. shotty (few irregular LN, dense but not hard, found by finger over tissue with circular motion to find nodule under skin using clockwise and counter CW motion)
80
What is done once you found and isolated a CR point?
apple GENTLE, FIRM pressure to cause a deep, disagreeable pain response -first use anterior CR for diagnostic b/c of location consistency then posterior to confirm presence
81
What is the pain associated with a chapman reflex like?
- pinpoint, sharp, and non-radiating, right under physician's fingertip - pain typically greater than expected - pt usually previously unaware of the sore spot
82
when do you stop Chapmans treatment?
mass disappears OR pt/doctor can no longer tolerate procedure
83
What are the two principles when using chapman reflexes as a diagnostic tool?
- never make a diagnosis based solely on a nontender CR | - never ignore or trivialize a tender CR unless you have a good explanation for the findings
84
contraindications for CR tx
- pt needs emergent care ABC - refusal - fracture, cancer, other pt instability
85
Where would you document CR?
objective: MSK- CR on *location* Assessment: SD Plan: OMT done using soft tissue, lymph
86
what are post treatment precautions/side effects?
- discomfort - drink plenty of water (2-3 L) over next 24 hours - Can take normal pain management meds as long as no other Contra-ind - rest
87
Chapman and Pneumonia, sensitivity and specificity and odds ratio
sensitivity: 69 specificity: 64 odds ratio: 3.94

Year 1: OS Exam 1 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions