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Year 1: OS Exam 1 > 1. Thoracic & Lumbar Spinal Mechanics > Flashcards

1. Thoracic & Lumbar Spinal Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the body of the thoracic vertebra

A

medium size
heart shaped
costal facets present

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2
Q

Describe the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebra

A

long

slope posteroinferiorly

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3
Q

Describe the body of the lumbar vertebra

A

large

kidney shaped

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4
Q

Describe the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebra

A

short, broad

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5
Q

What is the rule of 3’s?

A

Refers to the location of the SPINOUS PROCESS in relation to the TRANSVERSE process in the thoracic spine

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6
Q

Using the rule of 3’s, where is the spinous process located in T1-3?

A

at the level of the corresponding transverse process

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7
Q

Using the rule of 3’s, where is the spinous process located in T4-6?

A

at 1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process

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8
Q

Using the rule of 3’s, where is the spinous process located in T7-10?

A

at the level of the transverse process of the vertebra directly below

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9
Q

Using the rule of 3’s, where is the spinous process located in T11?

A

(uses same rules as T4-6), located at 1/2 a segment below the T11 transverse process

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10
Q

Using the rule of 3’s, where is the spinous process located in T12?

A

(uses same rules as T1-3), located at the level of the T12 transverse process

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11
Q

What is the superior facet orientation in the cervical vertebra?

A

BUM

Backward, upward, medial

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12
Q

What is the superior facet orientation in the thoracic vertebra?

A

BUL

Backward, upward, lateral

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13
Q

What is the superior facet orientation in the lumbar vertebra?

A

BM

Backward, medial

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14
Q

What are the 6 ligaments of the spine?

A
  1. posterior longitudinal l
  2. ligamentum flavum
  3. anterior longitudinal l
  4. interspinous l
  5. intertransverse l
  6. supraspinous l
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15
Q

Describe the characteristics, connection points, and function of anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • strong, broad fibrous band covering and connecting the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV discs
  • limits extension
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16
Q

Describe the characteristics, connection points, and function of posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • narrower, somewhat weaker band running within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
  • resists hyperflexion & prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus
17
Q

Describe the function of the ligaments flavum

A

connects laminae of adjacent vertebra

18
Q

Describe the function of the interspinous ligament

A

connects adjoining spinous processes

19
Q

Describe the function of the inter transverse ligaments

A

connects adjoining transverse processes

20
Q

Rotators muscle attachment and action

A
  • b/t transverse and spinous processes
  • bilateral: extends spine
  • unilateral: rotates spine to opposite side
21
Q

Multifidus muscle action

A
  • Bilateral: extend spine

- Unilateral: flexes spine same side & rotates to opposite

22
Q

Semispinalis muscle action

A
  • Bilateral: extends spine & stabilize crabiovertebral joint
  • unilateral: bends head & spine, rotates spine to opposite
23
Q

Physiologic barrier

A

limits of active ROM

24
Q

Anatomic barrier

A

limits of motion due to structure & passive ROM

25
Q

Elastic barrier

A

Rangle b/t physiologic (active) and anatomic (passive) in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs b/f tissue disruption

26
Q

Restrictive barrier

A
  • abnormally dimities the normal physiologic range

- functional limit within anatomic (passive ROM) barrier

27
Q

What are the consequences of spinal somatic dysfunction?

A
  • reduces efficiency
  • impairs fluid flow
  • alter nerve function
  • create structural imbalance
28
Q

Who developed Fryette’s Principles?

A

Harrison Fryette, DO

29
Q

What do Fryette’s Principles describe and what year were they first published?

A

Physiologic motion of the spine (normal and abnormal) in 1918
-applied to thoracic and lumbar spine

30
Q

Who developed the 3rd Fryette Principle and in what year?

A

C.R. Nelson, DO in 1948

31
Q

Type 1 Fryette Mechanics

A

TONGO- Type One Neutral Group Opposite

  • in neutral range, side bending and rotation are coupled in opposite directions (toward convexity of spine)
  • tends to be group of vertebra
32
Q

Type 2 Fryette Mechanics

A

TT0SS- Type Two Non-neutral Single-segment Same direction

Year 1: OS Exam 1 (39 decks)

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