Lecture 5 - Learning

Question 1

Neutral stimulus

Answer 1

does not bring about any significant response prior to conditioning

Question 2

Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Answer 2

naturally brings about a specific response and does not have to be learned ( shock, loud noise)

Question 3

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 3

response that is natural and does not require any training ( salivation to food, moving hand from fire)

Question 4

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 4

once neutral stimulus that has been paired with a UCS to the point where it creates its own response

Question 5

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 5

response that occurs after the CS because of the learned association between the UCS and CS

Question 6

Extinction

Transforming Classical Conditioning

Answer 6

a previously conditioned response decreases or eventually disappears when learner no longer associates UCS with CS

Question 7

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 7

Reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a period of time with no further conditioning

Question 8

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 8

After being conditioned, the learner starts to produce a similar response to stimuli that is similar to the CS

Question 9

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 9

After being conditioned, the learner differentiates between two similar stimuli and only responds to the very specific stimulus

Question 10

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 10

pleasant stimulus that increases a response/behavior

Question 11

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 11

unpleasant stimulus that increases a response or behavior in order to lessen the unpleasantness

Question 12

Punishment

Answer 12

stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated

Question 13

Positive Punishment

Negative Punishment

Answer 13

Positive: decreasing behavior by adding something negative
Negative: decreasing behavior by removing something pleasant

Question 14

Pros of Punishment

Answer 14

Often the quickest method

Stops behavior that is immediately dangerous

Question 15

Cons of Punishment

Answer 15

Ineffective if not delivered shortly after undesirable behavior

Can be replaced with even less desirable behavior

Can convey that certain negative behaviors are acceptable and the best way to handle conflict

Often does not convey what the more appropriate behavior might be

Question 16

Continuous

Schedules of Reinforcements

Answer 16

behavior is reinforced every time it occurs

Question 17

Partial/Intermittent

Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 17

Behavior is reinforced some of the time

Question 18

Fixed Ratio

Schedules of Reinforcements

Answer 18

reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses have been made

Question 19

Variable ratio

Schedules of Reinforcements

Answer 19

reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses

Question 20

Fixed Interval

Schedules of Reinforcements

Answer 20

reinforcement occurs after a fixed time period

Question 21

Variable Interval

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 21

time between reinforcements varies around some average

Question 22

Observational Learning

Answer 22

Learning by observing the behavior of another and then modeling or mimicking the behavior

(Albert Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment)