Lecture 6 - Memory

Question 1

3 Processes of Memory

Answer 1

Encoding (recording info)
Storage (saving info)
Retrieval (recovering info)

Question 2

Parts of Brain Involved in Memory

Answer 2

Hippocampus (consolidates info after encoded)

Amygdala (emotional memories)

Question 3

Sensory Input

Atkinson-Shiffrin 3 Stage model of Memory

Answer 3

External stimuli from our senses lasting just long enough to be perceived

Question 4

Short Term Memory

Atkinson-Shiffrin 3 Stage model of Memory

Answer 4

Can hold 7-10 unrelated items for 15-30 secs

Chunking - group of related stimuli into 1 unit
Rehearsing - Repeating info
Working Memory - holds info temporarily while manipulating and rehearsing it

Question 5

Long Term Memory

Atkinson-Shiffrin 3 Stage model of Memory

Answer 5

Relatively permanent and unlimited memory storage

Explicit/Declarative - Memories or personal knowledge you’re aware of

Semantic: Facts
Episodic: Personal Experienced event

Implicit/Procedural: Memories of skills and habits you are not conscious of (playing piano, driving, etc)

Question 6

Shallow Processing

Answer 6

Paying attention to superficial info and sign no significance

(When being introduced to someone and didn’t pay much attention)

Question 7

Deep Processing

Answer 7

We attach a meaning and create associations to info we are receiving

(Attaching the information to something)

Question 8

Recognition

Retrieval Process

Answer 8

Identifying something previously learned info when it is presented

Question 9

Recall

Retrieval Process

Answer 9

Retrieval of specific information

Question 10

Retrieval Cues

Retrieval Process

Answer 10

Reminders associate with something we are trying to recall

Question 11

Priming

Retrieval Process

Answer 11

Activating specific associations in memory either consciously or unconsciously

Question 12

Constructive Process

Retrieval Process

Answer 12

Memories are influenced by the meaning we give to an event and is based on prior experience

Question 13

Schemas

Retrieval Process

Answer 13

Cognitive framework that helps us organize and interpret information based on pre-existing beliefs/ideas

Question 14

Tip-of-the tongue phenonmenon

Forgetting

Answer 14

Inability to recall info we realize we know

Question 15

Cue-dependent forgetting

Forgetting

Answer 15

Forgetting due to insufficient retrieval cues

Question 16

Proactive interference

Forgetting

Answer 16

Old info disrupts new info

Question 17

Retroactive interference

Forgetting

Answer 17

New info disrupt old info

Question 18

Misinformation effect

Forgetting

Answer 18

Our recall of an episodic memory can become less accurate due to past-event info

ie: replacing info: stop and yield sign

Question 19

Repressed memories

Forgetting

Answer 19

Traumatic memories that are pushed into the unconscious mind without being aware

Question 20

Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory Dysfunction

Answer 20

Progressive brain disorder, leading to gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities

(4th leading cause of death in adults)

Question 21

Retrograde Amnesia

Memory Dysfunction

Answer 21

Memory loss for occurrences prior a specific event, but does not impact new memories

Question 22

Anterograde Amnesia

Memory Dysfunction

Answer 22

Inability to remember anything other than what was in long term memory prior to an accident

(50 first dates)

Question 23

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Memory Dysfunction

Answer 23

Often impacting long-term alcoholics as they suffer hallucination, and story repetition