Lecture 10 - Personality

Question 1

Biological Approach

Answer 1

Suggests that significant parts of our personality is genetically inherited

Question 2

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 2

Your personality is unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts that we are not consciously aware of.

Question 3

Freud’s Interpretation

Answer 3

ID: Instinctual driving force or our personality that operates on pleasure principle. Immediate satisfaction to primitive hunger, thirst , sex, and aggression.

EGO: balance their desires of the id with the realities of the environment.

SUPEREGO: judges the morality of our behavior as taught or modeled to us though society, parents, and teachers, etc.

Question 4

Oral Stage (0-1)

Freud’s Sexual Stages

Answer 4

Interest in oral gratification from sucking, eating, mouth biting

Question 5

Anal Stage (1-3)

Freud’s Sexual Stages

Answer 5

Gratification from expelling or witholding feces: toiled training isn an important part of this process

Question 6

Phallic Stage (3-6)

Freud’s Sexual Stages

Answer 6

Interest in genitals and coming to terms with Oedipus complex is the primary focus. Boys will develop castration castration anxiety and girls with experience penis envy.

Question 7

Latency Period (5/6-adolescence)

Freud’s Sexual Stages

Answer 7

Sexual energy is repressed and transformed into forming relationships and learning new tasks.

Question 8

Genital Stage (adolescence-death)

Freud’s Sexual Stages

Answer 8

Re-emergence of sexual desires with an interest in on sexual intercourse

Question 9

Repression

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 9

Unacceptable thoughts/impulses are pushed into unconscious mind

Question 10

Regression

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 10

Retreating to earlier level of development

Stomping your feet/throwing a tantrum

Question 11

Displacement

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 11

Shifting unwanted feelings/thoughts from a more threatening target to a less threatening target

(taking anger out on someone else)

Question 12

Rationalization

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 12

Provide self-justifying excuse in place of actual and more threatening reason reason for behavior

(Justifying - blaming it on something)

Question 13

Denial

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 13

Refusing to accept or acknowledge information that is causing anxiety

Question 14

Projection

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 14

attributing unwanted feelings to someone else

projecting a feeling towards another person - hypocritical

Question 15

Sublimation

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 15

Divert unwanted impulses into socially acceptable behavior

Joining the army because you have violent intentions

Question 16

Reaction Formation

Freud’s Defense Mechanism

Answer 16

Acting in opposite manner of true feelings

teasing someone you actually like

Question 17

Jung

Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 17

Emphasized the collective unconscious - inherited set of ideas, feelings, images and symbols that are shared with all humans, and archetypes - universal symbolic representations of types of people, objects, ideas, or experiences.

Question 18

Horney

Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 18

Personality develops in the context of social relationships and culture, and the parent-child relationship is particularly important

Question 19

Adler

Neo-Freudian Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 19

Primary human motivation is striving for self-improvement. Adults who have not overcome feelings inadequacy will develop an inferiority complex

Question 20

Humanistic Approach

Answer 20

We have an innate goodness and desire to achieve higher levels of functioning

Question 21

Self Actualization

Humanistic Approach

Answer 21

Realizing our highest potential (Maslow’s highest hierarchy of needs)

Question 22

Unconditional Positive Regard

Humanistic Approach

Answer 22

We have an innate desire for unconditional acceptance/respect, which can lead us to self-actualization

Question 23

Behaviorist Approach

Answer 23

Personality is a collection of learned behavioral patterns that come about through the contingencies of reinforcement.

Question 24

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 24

Our thoughts, feelings, expectations, values and observations of other’s behavior shape our personality.

Question 25

Personal Construct

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 25

We develop bipolar mental constructs to judge and predict other’s behaviors

Question 26

Self Efficacy

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 26

Degree to which we believe we can perform the needed behavior to produce a desired outcome

Question 27

Locus of Control

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 27

Degree to which we believe the outcome of an outcome of an action is due to our personal behavior/effort (internal) or due to outside forces, such as fate, luck, God. etc (external)

Question 28

Allport’s 3 Categories

Trait Approach

Answer 28

Cardinal Traits - Single, defining trait

Central Traits - 5-10 traits that make up who we are

Secondary Traits - Only come about under certain circumstances

Question 29

Eysenck’s 3 genetically influenced traits

Trait Approach

Answer 29

Extroversion: Sociable, lively, active, assertive

Neuroticism: Anxuous, moody, tense, irritable

Psychoticism: Aggresseive, cold, egocentric, impersonal

Question 30

Big Five Personality

OCEAN

Answer 30

1. Openness to experience: independent, imaginitive, preference for variety
2. Consciousness: Careful, disciplined, organize
3. Extraversion: talkative, sociable seeks out external stimulus
4. Agreeableness: Sympathetic conforming, accepting
5. Neuroticism: tense, anxious, emotionally unstable