lecture 5: Kreb’s cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) Flashcards
what is the first product that enters in the Krebs cycle and how many of them are they
acetyl coa
2
what are 2 other named for the kreb cycle
Citric acid cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle
what substance links glycolysis and kreb cycle
acetyle coa
true or false, you only lose CO2 in pyruvate oxidation
false, you lose 2 CO2 on kreb cycle
what are the 2 co enzymes of the kreb cycle
FADH2 and NADH
what is FAD
flavin adenine dinucelotide
what does FAD reduce to
FADH2
explain the reduction of the FAD
it can be reduced to FADH2 when it accepts 2 H+ and 2 electron
what is the structure of FAD
has two nitrogen groups to accept the Hydrogens and electrons
contains ADP and a riboflavin
how many carbons are in acetyl CoA
2
how many carbons are in oxaloacetate
4
how does the kreb cycle start (ie how is citrate formed)
the 4 carbon oxaloacetate merges with the 2 carbon acetyl coa and you get citrate being formed
Explain the Krebs cycle
1) Acetyle coa merges with oxaloacetate to form citrate
2) There are a series of metabolic reactions to get the 6 carbon citrate down to a 4 carbon succinyl coa
3) the two carbons that are lost become CO2 and are expired at the lungs
4) At many stages you get NAD+ being reduced to NADH by accepting electrons and hydrogen from the substates of the cycle
5) You also get reduced of FAD to FADH2 by the same manor
6) This cycle also generates 1 ATP by hydolysis of GTP which phosphorylates ADP to ATP
7) cycle will continue until succinyl coa is turned into oxaloacetate again
for every turn of the Kreb cycle, how many NADH+h are formed
3
for every turn of the Kreb cycle, how many FADH2 are formed
1
for every turn of the kreb cycle, how many co2 formed
2
for every turn of the kreb cycle, how many atp is formed
1
how many turns of the kreb cycle happen for the pyruvates coming down from pyruvate oxidation
2 total times (2 molecules of acetyle coa)
what is needed for the cycle to continue
acetyl coa
in total, what are the yields for 1 turn of the kreb cycle
3 nadh
1 fadh2
1 atp
2 carbon dioxide
how is atp formed in the kreb cycle
GTP (guanine triphosphate) gets hydolized and donates its phosphate to ADP to become ATP
where is Fad and NADh located
in the mitochondira
where is pyruvate located
in the cytosol and gets transported through the membrane by protein carriers
where is the kreb cycle performed
matrix
why is acetyl CoA an important biomechanical junction
many substances (proteins, pyruvates, fatty acids) can be transromed into acetyl coa and enter the kreb cycle
where are the 3 main places atp are formed
glycolysis
kreb
ETC
Where do the cofactors for ETC come from>
NADH comes from either
kreb cycle (3)
OR
glycolysis (2) under aerobbic conditions
FADH2
kreb cycle
when will the NADH go to the ETC from glycolsysi
2 NADH will come if it is not being used for lactate (only in aerbocib or resting conditions)
Where is the NADH from the glycolysis found
in the cytosol and needs to go into tbe. matrix for ETC