lecture 10: Lipid classifications, fatty acids, lipases, fat oxidation Flashcards
1
Q
what is the difference between omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids
A
omega three has the first double bond on the 3rd carbin from the methyl end
omega six has the first double bond on the 6th carbin from the methyl end
2
Q
how do you differenciatied saturated, monounast, polyunstatu
A
look at the presence og double bonds
3
Q
H3C is the methyl or carboxyl end
A
methyl
4
Q
COH is the carboxyl or methyl end
A
carboxyl
5
Q
what is another name for the carboxyl end
A
alhpa end
6
Q
what is another name for the metyl end
A
omega
7
Q
true or false: omega 3 has postive effects pm cardiovascular but omega 6 has negatvie effects
A
false they both has postitve effetcs
8
Q
what is an important omega 3 that is consumed the most
A
EPA
9
Q
what is the chemical formula for EPA and the name
A
eicosapentanoic
C20:5: n-3
10
Q
what is the chemical formula for DHA and the name
A
docosahexanoic
C22: 6n-3
11
Q
what is the chemical formula for alpha linealic acid
A
ALA
C18: 3n-3
12
Q
what are 2 imporatnt omega 6 and their formulas
A
AA/ARA: arachadonic acid C20:4n-6
LA: linoleic acid C18: 2n-6
13
Q
which omega 3 has 5 double bonds
A
EPA
14
Q
which omega 3 has 6 double bonds
A
DHAA
15
Q
which omega 3 has 3 double bondd
A
ALA
16
Q
whcih omega 6 has 4 double bonds
A
aracadonic
17
Q
which omega 6 has 2 doubl bonds
A
linoleic acid
18
Q
omega 3 and 6 have benefits on hormone regulation
A
false
on CV benefits
19
Q
what does PUFA
A
poly unsaturated fatty acids
20
Q
which types of fatty acids have the most healthy benefits
A
omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
21
Q
what are the CV in terms of vascular structure
A
decrease atherogenesis
decrease arterial stiffniss
decrease vascular smooth muscle cells
maintain intima media thickness
22
Q
what is atherogenesis
A
build up of plaque (from fatty acids, chrolesterol) which causes the derodation of inner lining and can block blood flow
23
Q
what is arterior stiff mness
A
with CV problems, the arterior walls can become hardened which impedes blood flow
24
Q
is having more or less vascular smooth cells better
A
having less
25
what are the benefits in vascular function from omega 3
decrease in endothelial disfunction (releases nitrous oxide)
decrease in oxidative stress (most likely due to helping antioxidants)
decreae in inflammation
26
what is another name for a triglyceride
triacylglyceride
27
have many crbons are in the glycerol
3 carbon
28
glycerol serves as teh BLANK for tris
as the backbonw
29
what is a trigluceride
glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids joinnng by ester bonds/linkages
30
true or false: the fatty acids that compose the tri have no effect on the properties of it
false
31
true or false: you can have different types of fatty acids making up the 3 fatty acids
true
32
fats have FA with more of less double bonds
fewer
33
oilds have FA with more or less double bonds
more
34
oils are saturated or unsaturated
unsaturated
35
fats are saturate or unsaturated
saturated
36
what is the function of the glycerold
allows the different fatty acid tails to attach
37
how is the tryglycerid formed
the glycerol binds with the 3 fatty acids (carbon attaches the the oxygen) by forming 3 water molecules and 3 ester linkages
38
what types of bonds are important in formation of tris
ester bonds
39
what is a triasterin
it is a triclygcerid composed of 3 steric acids and a gylcerol
40
what happens when one long chain FA leaves the glycerol back bone
left with glycerol and 2 fatty acids
| DIGLYCERIDE
41
what happens when 2 long chain FA leaves the glycerol backbone
left with glycerol and one long chain FA
| MONOglyceride
42
true or false: FAs of a triglkycerids can only be coprised of saturaed FA
false
| they can be saturated, mono or ploy
43
steric acid is...
saturated
44
oleate is...
mono unsaturated
45
linoleate is...
poly unsaturated
46
whenn you bond the glycerol to the 3 acids and form water, what type of reaction occurs
condensation reaction
47
what is the function of a triglyceride
allows us to store these LONG chain fatty acids in our cells
48
true or false: phosphos contain only hydrophillic heads
false
| they also contain hydrophobic tails
49
do phosphlipids contain a fatty acid component
yes
50
what makes of the tails of a phosholipid
the fatty acids
51
the tails of a phosphlipid are considered non polar or polar and why
non polar since they are hydrophobic
52
the head of the the phospholipid is polar or non polar and why
they are polar since they are hydrophillic
53
phospohlipids are sentive to what
free radicals
| easily degraded by phoshos
54
what is an important fucntion opf phosplipids
make up the cell membrane
55
polar heads of phophos are usually in contact with...
water or soluble items like blood
56
what affects what type of phospholid it will be
the polar head that is attached to the phosphate
57
true or false: all phopohlipids have the same function
false
| different fucntions according to the polar head
58
what is important about the polar heads
they contain electral charges which will allow different compoents to bind to it (like hormones or receptor or proteins)
59
what is an exmaple of an important phosphplipid
sphygomylin
60
why is shyingomylin improntant
it is found in the cell membrane of myelin sheates of axons (in brain for example) which helps propogate action potentials
61
what is the identifying feature of chroloestrol
composed of 4 fused carbon rings
62
what is another name for the 4 rings of cholesterol
steroid nucleus
63
what can be attacehdd to to cholesterols
hydrocarbon side chains
64
give some examples of cholesterol basded substances
cortisol (imporant stim of gluconeogensis)
aldosterone
progesterone, estradiol, testostherone)
65
what is the function of lipases
lay the backbone of the metabolism of fats
| they are enzymes
66
what are the 2 imporant enzymes for fat metabolism (lipases)
Lipoprotein lipase
| hormone sensitive lipase
67
what is the primary enxyme responsible for hydrolysis trigycelrides into free fatty acids
lipoprotein lipases
68
where do you find the lipoprotein lipase
attached to luminal surface of endothelial cells in capiliaries of adipose tissue
69
what is the general function of lipoprotein lipase
hydrolyszes the extracellular trigelyecires in lipoproteins
70
what activates the lipoprotein lipase
INSULINE
71
what is the hormone senstive lipase
intracellular neutral lipase capable of hydrolyzing tris and dis and monos
and other lipid and water soluble substarates
72
where does hormone sensitve lipase occur
in adipocyte
73
what is the function of the hormone senstive lipase
hydrolyzies varies intracellular triglycerides inside the adipoicy
74
what inhibits the hormone senstive lipase
insulin
75
which lipase hydrolyzes extrcellalar tri
lipoprotein lipse
76
which lipase hydrolysis intracelluar tris
hormone sensitve lipase
77
whcih lipase ocurs in the adipocytes
hormone sensitive
78
which lipase occurs in lipoporteins
lipoprotein lipase
79
what do the capilaries of the adipocyte carry
chylomicrons
80
where are chylomicrons built
near small intensine, go to lymph, vein then pumped to capilaries of adipocyte
81
where are fats being taken up etracellularly
taking up by chylomicrons which are numerous in small intensite circulation
82
what is the fucntion of chylomicrons
transport the long chain fats and glycerol to the rest of the body since the fats cannot mix with plasma and blood on their own
83
what is considered the transporter of fats
chylomicrons
84
can the extracellular glycerol and fatty acid travel through ciruclation without assitance
no it needs chylomicrons
85
where is the lipoportein lipase bound to
inner lining of the endotheolial cell (in the adipocyte(
86
explain how lipoprotein lipase work
Lipoproteins that are bound to the enthelial lining of the adipocyte will attach to chylomicrons in circulation and let some tris escape
the lipase binds to the tryglyceride and breaks it down into a free fatty acid and the glycerol back bone which allows the long chain to enter the adipocyte while the glycrol can dissipate
once the long chain fatty acids are int he adipocyte cell they will regoup with glycerol to be stored
=large quantity of tris in the adipocytes
87
true or false: once in the adipocyte, the free fatty acids will regroup witth glycerol for storage
yes
88
do chylomicrons only deposit the long chain fatty acids to hte adicopycte xells
no
| they can also deposit it to heart cells and msucle cells
89
what is the transporter of tris
chylomicrons
90
what protein is responsbible for breaking dow nthe tris from the chylo microns (extracellular)
lipoprotein lipases
91
true or false: the hormone sensitive lipase is not already in the adipocyte tisse
false it is
92
which lipase is respobsibke for aa second messenger effect
hormone senstive lipase
93
explain the activation of the hormone senstive lipase
1) Hormone goes to hormone receptor on cell membrane
2) chemical cascade of effetcs happen due to 2ND MESSENGER EFFECT
3) g protein activats adynyl cyclase
3) the 2nd messenger effect causes ATP to form cyclic AMP
4) cyclic AMAP will activate a kinase
5) the acitvated kinsase will activate the hormone sensitive lipase by phosporylating it
6) the lipase splits the trigleyceride
94
what is an example of the location of freef fatty acids in the hormone sensity example
the broken down free fatty acid can combine with albumin and be out through the circulation to otoehr parts of the body
95
what are the hormones that stimulate the hormone activated lipase
growth hormone, adreneline, nor adreneline, corticosteroids, thyroxine, acth, TSH
96
where does lipolysis occur
in the cytosol
