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CHEM 101 > Lecture 5: Intro to Org Chem > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Intro to Org Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

is the study of compounds that contain the element carbon

A

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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2
Q

are made up of carbon and only a few other elements

A

Organic compounds

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3
Q

any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen

A

HETEROATOM

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4
Q

forms four covalent bond + no unshsred pairs of electrons

A

CARBON

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5
Q

forms single, double, and triple bonds to other carbon atoms

A

CARBON

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6
Q

most common multiple bond between carbon and a heteroatom is a __________

A

carbon-oxygen double bond

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7
Q

forms one covalent bond + no unshared pairs of electrons

A

HYDROGEN

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8
Q

forms three covalent bonds + one unshared pair of electrons

A

NITROGEN

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9
Q

forms one covalent bond + three unshared pairs of electrons

A

HALOGEN

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10
Q

forms two covalent bonds + two unshared pairs of electrons

A

OXYGEN

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11
Q

common halogens

A

▪ flourine (F)
▪ chlorine (Cl)
▪ bromine (Br)
▪ iodine (I)
▪ astatine (At)

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12
Q

VSEPR THEORY

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

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13
Q

the most stable arrangement keeps the groups on a central atom as far away from each other as possible

A

VSEPR THEORY

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14
Q

molecular geometry shapes

A
  1. Linear
  2. Trigonal planar
  3. Tetrahedral
  4. Bent
  5. Trigonal pyramidal
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15
Q

An atom surrounded by two groups is linear and has a bond angle of 180°

A

LINEAR

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16
Q

An atom surrounded by three groups and has a bond angle of 120°

A

TRIGONAL PLANAR

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17
Q

An atom surrounded by four groups and has a bond angle of 109.5°

A

TETRAHEDRAL

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18
Q

Every carbon with four single bonds is ___________

A

tetrahedral

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19
Q

for a bond in front of the plane

A

wedge

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19
Q

for bonds in the plane

A

solid line

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20
Q

for a bond behind the plane

A

dashed line

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21
Q

An atom attached to three atoms and has 1 lone pair

A

TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL

22
Q

An atom attached to two atoms and has 2 lone pairs

A

BENT

23
Q

is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUP

24
Q

compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen

A

HYDROCARBONS

25
Q

have only C–C single bonds and no functional group

A

ALKANES

26
Q

have only C–C double bonds as their functional group

A

ALKENES

27
Q

have only C–C triple bonds as their functional group

A

ALKYNES

28
Q

contain a benzene ring, a six-membered ring with three double bonds

A

AROMATICS

29
Q

Contains an —OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom

A

ALCOHOLS

30
Q

A compound containing an amino group

A

AMINE

31
Q

carbon–oxygen double bonds

A

CARBONYL GROUP

32
Q

Contains a hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

A

ALDEHYDE

33
Q

Contains a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms

A

KETONE

34
Q

contains an OH group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

A

CAROBOXYLIC ACIDS

35
Q

contains an OR group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

A

ESTER

36
Q

contains an amino group directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon

A

AMIDE

37
Q

essential component of the vision receptors in the eyes

A

RETINOL

37
Q

Organic compounds are composed of __________ only

A

covalent bonds

38
Q

mostly nonpolar molecule with only one OH group, making it a fat-soluble vitamin

A

Vitamin A

39
Q

is important in the formation of collagen, the connective tissue of the skin

A

ASCORBIC ACID

40
Q

It has many polar bonds and many O atoms, making it a water-soluble vitamin

A

Vitamin C

41
Q

is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism

A

Metabolism

42
Q

which is present in alcoholic beverages, is one of the several molecules metabolized in the body

A

Ethanol

43
Q

Reaction of a compound with excess oxygen in the presence of heat that results in the release of heat or light energy

A

COMBUSTION REACTIONS

44
Q

Small organic compounds called monomers form covalent bonds with each other to form long chains called polymers

A

POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS

45
Q

Small organic compounds called monomers form covalent bonds with each other to form long chains called _______

A

polymers

46
Q

TYPES OF POLYMERS

A
  1. Homopolymers
  2. Heteropolymers
47
Q

composed of one type of monomers

A

Homopolymers

48
Q

composed of different types of monomers

A

Heteropolymers

49
Q

have an EVEN share of electrons, making both ends balanced

A

Nonpolar

50
Q

have an UNEVEN sharing of electrons, creating a positive and negative side

A

Polar

51
Q

the ability to be dissolved

A

Solubility

CHEM 101 (12 decks)

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