FT LEC: Lipids Flashcards
an organic compound found in living organisms that are insoluble (or sparingly soluble) in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents
Lipids
Structurally diverse; has no repeating unit structure like the other biomolecules
Lipids
can be extracted when biochemical material (human, animal, or plant material) is homogenized and mixed with nonpolar organic solvent
Lipids
Classification of lipids
- Based on hydrolysis characteristics
- Based on biological function
Hydrolyzable lipids
- Triacylglycerols
- Membrane lipids
- Biological waxes
can be broken down to simpler molecules through hydrolysis
Hydrolyzable lipids
can no longer be broken down to simpler molecules
Non-hydrolyzable lipids
Non-hydrolyzable lipids
- Steroids
- Eicosanoids
- Emulsification Lipids
Based on biological function
- Energy storage lipids
- Membrane lipids
- Emulsification lipids
- Messenger lipids
- Protective-coating lipids
is a naturally occurring monocarboxylic acid with long, unbranched hydrocarbon chains that nearly always contain an even number of carbons
Fatty acids
Fatty Acid: Classification according to length
- Long fatty acid chains (12C to 26C)
- Medium fatty acid chains (8C to 10C)
- Short fatty acid chains (4C to 6C)
Fatty Acid: Classification based on presence of C=C bonds
- Saturated fatty acids
- Unsaturated fatty acids
only contain carbon-carbon single bonds
Saturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids can be further classified into two sub-types
- Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond
Unsaturated fatty acids
contain only one carbon-carbon double bond
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)
contain at least two carbon-carbon bonds
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
produce bends or kinks that prevents stronger interaction between the hydrocarbon chains
Carbon-carbon double bonds in the cis configuration
Unsaturated fatty acids have _____ melting and boiling points compared to saturated fatty acids
lower
is a lipid formed by esterification of three fatty acid molecules to a glycerol molecule
triacylglycerol (TAG)
is a tri-ester formed from the esterification of glycerol with three identical fatty acid molecules
Simple triacylglycerol
is composed of unidentical fatty acid molecules (more biochemically important)
Mixed triacylglycerol
take in the form of fats or oils in nature, which are the most abundant types of lipid as well
Triacylglycerols
are triacylglycerol mixtures that are solid or semi-solid at room temperature and is generally obtained in animals
Fats
are triacylglycerol mixtures that are liquid at room temperature
Oils
is a fatty acid needed in the human body that must be acquired from dietary sources because it cannot be synthesized by the human body in adequate amounts from other substances
Essential fatty acid
are considered bad fats
Saturated fats
are considered good fats
Unsaturated fats
are particularly important
Omega fatty acids
Two essential fatty acids
- Linoleic acid
- Linolenic acid
needed for proper cell membrane formation
Linoleic acid