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CHEM 101 > FT LEC: Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

FT LEC: Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

an unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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2
Q

Provides information on how to make new cells

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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3
Q

Who discovered Nucleic Acids?

A

Friedrich Miescher in 1869

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3
Q

Initially found in cell nuclei and are acidic in nature

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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4
Q

TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

A
  1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
  2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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5
Q

Passes from existing cells to new cells during cell division/mitosis

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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6
Q

Found within the cell nucleus

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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7
Q

Stores and transfers genetic information

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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8
Q

Occurs in all parts of a cell

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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9
Q

Primary function is the synthesis of proteins

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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10
Q

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

A

NUCLEOTIDE

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11
Q

a three-subunit molecule in which a pentose sugar is bonded to both a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic base

A

NUCLEOTIDE

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11
Q

For DNA

A

2-deoxyribose

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12
Q

Components of a nucleotide

A

o Pentose sugar
o Heterocyclic base
o Phosphate group (PO43-)

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13
Q

For RNA

A

Ribose

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14
Q

Three pyrimidine derivatives

A

Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)

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15
Q

Two purine derivatives

A

Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

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16
Q

is found only in RNA

A

o Uracil

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17
Q

is found only in DNA

A

o Thymine

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18
Q

Derived from phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

A

PHOSPATE

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18
Q

The alternating sugar-phosphate chain in a nucleic acid structure is often called the

A

nucleic acid backbone

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19
Q

the sequence in which nucleotides are linked together in a nucleic acid

A

PRIMARY NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE

20
Q

For DNA molecules, the backbone consists of alternating ___________

A

phosphate and deoxyribose sugar units

21
Q

For RNA molecules, the backbone consists of alternating ___________

A

phosphate and ribose sugar units

22
Q

Contains 2-deoxyribose

A

DNA

23
Q

Does not contain uracil

A

DNA

24
Q

Resistant to base hydrolysis

A

DNA

25
Q

Contains ribose

A

RNA

26
Q

Does not contain thymine

A

RNA

27
Q

Sensitive to base hydrolysis

A

RNA

27
Q

Human DNA contains

A

o 30% adenine
o 30% thymine
o 20% guanine
o 20% cytosine

28
Q

A–T and G–C pairing is termed __________

A

complementary

29
Q

most favored bonding in A–T and G–C pairs

A

o Hydrogen bonding

30
Q

G-C pairs are held together by

A

3 hydrogen bonds

31
Q

The total, unique DNA content of an organism is called its _________

A

genome

31
Q

A-T pairs are held together by

A

2 hydrogen bonds

32
Q

Two polynucleotide strands are coiled around each other in a spiral

A

DNA SEQUENCE

33
Q

carries the genetic information from DNA for the synthesis of proteins necessary for cellular function

A

RNA

34
Q

carries the genetic information of the cell

A

DNA

35
Q

produce enough copies for itself and the production of a daughter cell during mitosis

A

REPLICATION

36
Q

RNA is formed by

A

Transcription

36
Q

Important enzymes in DNA replication include

A
  1. DNA Helicase
  2. DNA Polymerase
  3. DNA Ligase
37
Q

responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix

A

DNA Helicase

38
Q

Important enzyme in transcription process is

A

RNA polymerase

39
Q

RNA is formed by ________ in order to carry information from DNA for protein synthesis. This process protects the DNA from mutations

A

Transcription

40
Q

The processing of information stored in DNA into biomolecules that dictate biochemical processes in the cell involve three steps

A

o Replication
o Transcription
o Translation

41
Q

Changes in DNA structure will affect the structure of proteins produced during translation

A

MUTATIONS

42
Q

Alterations in the structure of DNA are called

A

mutations

43
Q

Mutations can arise from exposure to physical or chemical agents that cause changes in DNA structure called __________

A

mutagens

44
Q

substitution of one nucleotide to another

A

POINT MUTATION

45
Q

removal of one or more nucleotides

A

DELETION MUTATION

46
Q

one or more nucleotides are added into the sequence

A

INSERTION MUTATION

47
Q

change in the DNA structure that does not change the amino acid coded

A

SILENT MUTATION

CHEM 101 (12 decks)

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