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CHEM 101 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

a homogenous mixture that contains small particles

A

solution

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2
Q

the substance present in a larger amount

A

Solvent

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3
Q

the substance present in a lesser amount

A

Solute

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4
Q

Ionic compounds dissolved in water yields an _________

A

electrolyte

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4
Q

a homogenous mixture with larger particles often having an opaque appearance

A

colloid

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4
Q

has water as a solvent

A

aqueous solution

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5
Q

They do not settle out, dispersed uniformly throughout the mixture

A

COLLOIDS

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6
Q

is a heterogeneous mixture that contains large particles suspended in a liquid

A

suspension

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7
Q

Particles are so large they do not dissolve in a liquid

A

SUSPENSIONS

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8
Q

Suspensions can be filtered away from the liquid or separated using a ______

A

centrifuge

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9
Q

Blood has multiple components

A

o Solid components (blood cells)
o Liquid component (plasma)
o Dissolved substances (ions, proteins, gases)

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10
Q

It exhibits properties of both a colloid and a suspension

A

Blood

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11
Q

Size of RBC

A

7 to 8 micrometers in diameter

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12
Q

Solution Particle Size

A

Small, <1 nm

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13
Q

Colloid Particle Size

A

Larger, 1nm - 1um

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14
Q

Suspension Particle Size

A

Large, > 1um

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15
Q

The components cannot be separated by filtration

A

Solution

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16
Q

The components cannot be separated by common filtration techniques

A

Colloid

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17
Q

The components can be separated by filtration or centrifugation

A

Supension

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18
Q

Settling YES or NO: Solution

A

No

19
Q

Settling YES or NO: Colloid

A

No

19
Q

Settling YES or NO: Suspension

A

Yes

19
Q

Ionic and polar covalent compounds are soluble in ________

A

polar solvents

20
Q

is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent

A

Solubility

21
Q

Nonpolar compounds are soluble in ________

A

nonpolar solvents

22
Q

is the interaction of solute and solvent molecules

A

Solvation

23
Q

are generally nonpolar and usually exhibit London dispersion forces

A

Organic compounds

24
Q

are soluble in organic solvents

A

Organic compounds

25
Q

Solutes dissolve in solvents through the process of _______

A

solvation

26
Q

A compound is soluble if it contains the following ions

A
  • Group 1A cations:
    Li+
    Na+
    K+
    Rb+
    Cs+
  • Ammonium: NH4
27
Q

A compound is soluble if it contains the following anions

A
  • Halides: Cl-, Br-, I-(exceptions are Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+)
  • Nitrate: NO3-
  • Acetate: CH3COO-
  • Sulfate: SO42- (exceptions are Ba2+, Hg22+, Pb2+)
28
Q

result to the formation of ion combinations from aqueous reactants that are insoluble in water called precipitates

A

double replacement reactions

29
Q

Certain double replacement reactions result to the formation of ion combinations from aqueous reactants that are insoluble in water called ___________

A

precipitates

30
Q

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid

A

Henry’s Law

31
Q

are properties of a solution that depends in the concentration or number of particles dissolved in a solution, but not its identity

A

Colligative properties

32
Q

Common colligative properties

A

o Boiling Point elevation
o Freezing Point Depression
o Osmotic Pressure

33
Q

Human sweat is a liquid solution with dissolved ionic compounds and other components incorporated into it that increases (elevates) its boiling point

A

BOILING POINT ELEVATION

34
Q

Ocean water does not completely freeze in artic regions because of the salts dissolved in it.

A

FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION

35
Q

The membrane that surrounds living cells is a _________

A

semipermeable membrane

36
Q

allow water and small molecules to pass across, but ions and large molecules cannot

A

Semipermeable membranes

37
Q

is the passage of a solvent, usually water, across a semipermeable membrane from a solution of low solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration

A

Osmosis

38
Q

is the pressure that prevents the flow of additional solvent into a solution on one side of a
semipermeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

39
Q

Two solutions with the same osmotic pressure are said to be ________

A

isotonic

40
Q

Solutions isotonic to the body

A

o 0.92% (w⁄v) NaCl solution
o 5.0% (w⁄v) glucose solution

41
Q

has a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids

A

hypotonic solution

42
Q

has a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids

A

hypertonic solution

43
Q

Water diffuses out of cell, so the cell shrinks

A

crenation

44
Q

when a person’s kidneys are incapable of removing waste products from blood, __________ is used.

A

hemodialysis

CHEM 101 (12 decks)

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