Lecture 5: hetertopic ossification

Question 1

is heterotopic ossification most common in males or females

Answer 1

males

Question 2

what is hetertopic ossification

Answer 2

abnormal formation of bone in extra skeletal soft tissue where bone does not usually exist/ should not be

Question 3

where is heteroptopic ossification most often seen in

Answer 3

soft tissues surrounding joints

Question 4

what are the 2 main categories of HO

Answer 4

1. Neurogenic HO
2. Traumatic HO

Question 5

what i neurogenic HO

Answer 5

pateints w traumatic CNS injuries , most frequently TBI , SCI

Question 6

what is traumatic HO

Answer 6

seen in pateitns w burns , amputations , fractures , joint dislocations and total joint arthopasty

Question 7

what are risk factors for HO

Answer 7

age and gender
severity of injury

Question 8

what are factors associated with higher incidence of HO following SCI

Answer 8

• Sex
• Spasticity
• Cigarette smoking
• Completeness of injury
• Pneumonia
• Pressure ulcers

Question 9

what are adverse effects of HO (11)

Answer 9

-pain
- nerve impingement
- joint ankylosis
-CRPS
- osteoporosis
- soft tissue infection
-pathological fx
- spasticity
- DVT
-pressure injury
- decreased ROM

Question 10

what are the most common sits for SCI and TBI fro HO

Answer 10

SCI: hips , knee
TBI: hips , shoulder and elbow

Question 11

what does HO rarely effect

Answer 11

wrist , ankles , hands nad feet

Question 12

how may HO present 2-4 weeks later

Answer 12

• region becomes firm
  -joint ROM is decreased
• sacrum alkaline phosphates levels increase

Question 13

what is a differential diagnosis for HO

Answer 13

• Infection
• Cellulitis
• DVT
• Osteomyelitis