Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NM 2 > lecture 2: motor control and motor learning > Flashcards

lecture 2: motor control and motor learning Flashcards

1
Q

____ must control the body as a mechanical system - postural alignment

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is movement emerges as result of interaction parts , without needs for specific commands

A

self organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is as one parameter is changed and reaches a critical value, new behavior emerges

A

nonlinear properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

after a person moves 4 things are stored in memory … waht are they adn what is this called

A

this is called schema

  1. initial movement conditions
  2. parameters used in general motor program
  3. knowledge of results
  4. sensory consequences of the movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

conditioned stimulus causes conditioned response (formerly unconditioned)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

behaviors that are rewarded tend to be repeated , punshied or not repeated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is procedural learning

A

leaning tasks that can be performed without attention (habit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is declarative learning

A

Knowledge that can be recalled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are 5 things you would use to describe feed back movement

A
  • Reactive
  • Slow
  • Precise
  • Unfamiliar tasks
  • Sensory input used to compare
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of movement is feed forward

Reactive/anticipatory
slow/rapid
pre programmed/precise
familiar task/unfamiliar
senosyr input used to compare/not relied upon

A

anticipatory
rapid
pre programmed
familiar task
sensory input not relied upon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what structures in the brain are feedback structures

A

BG and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what structures in the brain are feed forward

A

thalamus and motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Period of enormous ____ immediately follows an injury to the brain.

A

instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is GORDON’S INVESTMENT PRINCIPLE: TASK-ORIENTED THEORY

A

when a patient has a brain injury they are unable to do the old strategy so they do the new strategy until they plateau but then u want to keep adding to that new strategy so they go back to the bottom and work their way up to no plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 stages of motor learning

A
  1. cognitive stage
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the difference between the stages of motor learning … cognitive , associative and autonomous

A

cognitive stage : conscious processing of task requirements , has many errors

associative stage : selection of best strategy for task and now being to refine skills , more acurate

autonomous stage: no attention requires , stable performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does systems 3 stage model emphasis on

A

controlling DOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the novice part of the systems 3 stage model

A

learner simplified the movement to decrease the DOF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the advanced part of the systems 3 stage model

A

learned begins to release DOF by allowing movement at more joints invovled in task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the expert part of the systems 3 stage model

A

all DOF are released necessary in order to perform task in most efficient way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is newell theory of learning as exploration

A

during practice there is a search for optimal strategies to solve the task given the constraints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is perception as a prescriptive role

A

the understanding of the goal and movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is perception as a feedback role

A

knowledge of performance and knowledge of results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

can learning by measured directly

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the level of skilled displayed at each trial , transient

A

performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is an intrinsic feedback

A

comes to the person from sensory information from the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is an extrinsic feedback

A

comes form outside the person to supplement intrinsic feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is a knowledge of results

A

important form of extrinsic feedback regarding outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when it is best to give knowledge of results

A

after they have had time to process what they have done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

- Practice conditions’

  • Massed/blocked vs. distributed
  • Constant vs. variable
  • Contextual interference
  • Whole vs. part training
  • Transfer of skill
  • Mental practice
  • Physical guidance

what do these mean and what is not good for motor learning and what is good

A
  • Massed/blocked vs. distributed : massed - focusing on a single tasked
  • distributed: working in intervals and this is better for motor learning
  • Constant vs. variable : constant learning and variable learning , variable is better
  • Contextual interference: this is doing stuff in between task and is good for motor learning
  • Whole vs. part training: training the whole time and breaking it down , part is better
  • Transfer of skill
  • Mental practice- good for motor learning
  • Physical guidance- not good for motor learning bc we aren’t allowing the patient to correct themselves
31
Q

what are 3 things you can do if the patient cant perform the task for specific training for motor learning

A
  • simplify the task without changing components by modifying the enivmorent
  • can remediate the impairments (contrived activities) and then return to task specific (functional) training
  • cN teach compensations
32
Q

what is an alternative strategies used to accomplish a task

A

compensation

33
Q

what is achieving function through original processes

A

recovery

34
Q

The act of ___ itself may be the primary reason that motor deficits remain.

A

compensating

35
Q

what is learned non use

A

when it may not be that th patient cant used their arm but it may be bc they have learned not to use it

36
Q

____ promotes learning

A

retention

37
Q

what is the feedback for retention and performance

A

low for retention and high for frequency

38
Q

what is the scheduling goal from retention and performance

A

retention is randy and performance is bloacked

39
Q

what is the difference for practice for retention adn performance

A

retention is variable and performance is progressive

40
Q

what is the limitations of performance based functional tests

A

they tell you that the person is having difficulty but not necessarily why

will not tell u how to treat

will no tell you the strategies the person employs to attempt the task

41
Q

what are the 3 levels of movements analysis gentile

A

action level
movement level
neuro motor level

42
Q

what 3 things go in the individual part of organization of movement

A

cognition
perception
action

43
Q

what 3 things go in the TASK part of organization of movement

A

mobility
stability
manipulation

44
Q

what 2 things go in the environment part of organization of movement

A

regulatory
nonregulatory

45
Q

what os a system for classifying tasks so that we can better understand the demands placed on a person

A

GENTILE’S TAXONOMY

46
Q

in the environmental context of GENTILE’S TAXONOMY ___ must match certain features of environment to be successful

A

movements

47
Q

in the environmental context of GENTILE’S TAXONOMY what are the 2 regulatory conditions of tasks

A
  • Fixed terrain, objects/people stationary
  • Supporting surfaces, objects, or people in motion
48
Q

in the environmental context ___ can be a determinant of action

A

timing

49
Q

_____ features of the environment control ____ features of the movement.

A

spatial 2x

50
Q

for stationary , ___ is not specificied sooo the person can decide when to start and when to edn

A

timing in

51
Q

t/f : There is motion in the environment that occurs independently of the person’s movements.

A

T

52
Q

for motion,,,, the person must match movements with ___ and ___ features of the environment

A

spatial and temporal

53
Q

in motion ,,, The person makes ongoing ____ about situation to match movements.

A

predictions

54
Q

as movement variability decrease :

  • _____ attention is paid to the movement.
  • “Can do it with eyes ____.”
  • _____, ____, ___ is formed.
  • ___ skill
A

Less

closed

pattern , trace , schema

closed

55
Q

as movement variability increased :::::

  • Continued need for ____
  • ____ movement pattern generated to match changed situation
  • ___ skill
A

attentiveness

New

Open

56
Q

if you are stationary and the INTERTRIAL variability is absent what kind of task is it

A

closed task

57
Q

if you are in motion and the INTERTRIAL variability is absent what kind of task is it

A

consistent motion tasks

58
Q

if you are stationary and the INTERTRIAL variability is present what kind of task is it

A

variable motionless tasks

59
Q

if you are in motion and the INTERTRIAL variability is present what kind of task it

A

open task

60
Q

a closed tasks….

  • Involve ____ objects
  • _____ change from trial to trial
  • ____ interaction with environment
A

stationary

Do not

Least

61
Q

variable motionless tasks…
* Objects ___, but may vary spatially from one attempt to next
* ___ interaction with environment than closed

A

stationary

More

62
Q

consistent motion tasks…

• More interaction with environment than ___
• Motion of objects remains the ____ during repeated attempts
• All have some _____ or ____ device implicated

A

closed

same

electrical or mechanical

63
Q

which tasks…
. • Requires the most interaction with environment
• Most complex, requiring the most of person

A

open

64
Q

for body orientation… tasks that require STABILIZING the body … the information processing demands are usually ___

A

low

65
Q

for body orientation… tasks that require TRANSPORTING the body … the information processing demands are usually ___

A

higher

66
Q

manipulations are more common occurs with ___ , if a maniuopulation is not occurring , the arms and hands become part of the ___ system

A

hands

postural

67
Q

when doing 2 things at once the person must do what 2 things and what is required

A

must monitor environments and gather relevant information about the object to be handled

requires increased attention

68
Q

if a person is sitting and relaxing and not using their hands what body orientation and manipulation is it

A

stabile body and absent manipulation bc not using hands

69
Q

if a pateint is sitting and writing what body orientation and manipulation is it

A

stable body orientation and presents manuluation bc using hands but sitting still

70
Q

if a pateint is walking and doing nothing with their hands what body orientation and manipulation is it

A

transport body orientation bc walking but absent manipulation bc not doing anything with hands

71
Q

if a pateint is walking and texting what body orientation and manipulation is it

A

transport body orientation bc walking and present manipulation bc texting

72
Q

in a closed/body stability tasks …
• All relevant conditions remain ___ and do not vary from one trial to next.
• _____ with no predictive demands
• Movement becomes ___
• Little attentional demands

A

fixed

Self-paced

habitual

73
Q

the practical applications of the taxconomy is that is can be sued to explore what ? aids in the selection of what ? and provides insight for what ? and is a ___ and ___ guides for evaluation

A

used to explore the basis for a patients performance deficits

aids in selection of functionally appropriate activities for educational or therapeutic purposes

provided insight into nature of learning

systematic and comprehensive

NM 2 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions