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NM 2 > concussions > Flashcards

concussions Flashcards

1
Q

what is an injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative or induced by birth trauma
• Essentially a brain injury that occurs after birth

A

acquired brain injury

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2
Q

• Anoxia/hypoxia
• Infection/virus
• Stroke
• Tumor
• Aneurysm
• Metabolic
disorders

these are what kind of acquired brain injury

A

non traumatic

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3
Q

Penetrating
injuries:
• Assaults
• Falls
• Accidents
• Abuse
• Surgery

these are what kind of acquired brain injury

A

traumatic open brain injury

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4
Q

what kind of TBI is it if a pt has a LOC for > 24 hours
post traumatic amnesia > 7 days and <6 on the GCS

A

severe

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5
Q

what is teh GCS , PTA and LOC for a concussion/ mTBI

A

Concussion /mTBI
GCS: 13-15
PTA <24h
LOC: 0-30minutes

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6
Q

what is the most common type of TBI

A

concussion

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7
Q

what is a sported related concussion

A

a TBI causes by a directi blow to the head , neck or body resulting in a force going to the brain

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8
Q

wehn do signs and symptoms presents from a sports related concussion

A

may be immediately or minutes to hours after

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9
Q

a sports related concussion is more of a ____ disturbance rather than a ___ injury

A

functional
structural

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10
Q

does sports relate concussion have LOC

A

maybe or maybe not

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11
Q

what are the clinical symptoms for a concussion and what is the number one

A

o Headache*
o Dizziness
o Nausea
o Neck pain
o Confusion
o Fatigue
o Feeling of “fogginess

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12
Q

concussion symptoms can be ____, ____ and ____

A

cognitive
physcial
emotional

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13
Q

Disturbance of brain function related to neurometabolic dysfunction rather than structural brain injury

this is the pathophysuilogy for what

A

concussion

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14
Q

___ are the leading cause of injury in adults aged 65 and older

A

falls

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15
Q

____ are more susceptible to concussions

A

elderly

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16
Q

for a concussion there is a ___ risk for intracranial bleedinng w delayed sings for older adults

A

higher

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17
Q

why are older adults less likely to be diagnosed and treated with a concussion

A

bc symptoms are not always obvious and are often missed as other things for normal aging

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18
Q

what is the leading causes of TBI in active duty personnel in war zones

A

improvised explosive deceives

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19
Q

what are the 3 major effects that causes brain trauma from an explosion

A

shock waves
shrapnel
acceleration

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20
Q

how many SRC are reported annually

A

1.6-3.8 mil

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21
Q

strong evidence to suggest that past history of concussion is a ___ factor for future concussions*

A

risk

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22
Q

do older or younger people recover from concussionc faster

A

older

takes younger kids longer

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23
Q

is female or men more common to get concussion

A

female

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24
Q

people who have what 3 things are likely to have greater sysmtoms of a concussion

A

hx of concussion
pre existing developmental or health concerns (ADHD)
hx of headache

25
Q

what are the main symptoms that women are gonna report w a concussion

A

drowsiness and sensitivity to light

women take longer to recover

26
Q

what are the 12 R’s of SRC

A
  1. RECOGNIZE
  2. REDUCE
  3. REMOVE
  4. REFER
  5. RE-EVALUATE
  6. REST
  7. REHABILITATE
  8. RECOVER
  9. RETURN-TO-LEARN (RTL)/RETURN-TO-SPORT (RTS)
  10. RECONSIDER
  11. RETIRE
  12. REFINE
27
Q

what is REDUCE for SRC

A

prevention of concussion

28
Q

what is REMOVE for SRC

A

sideline evaluation

29
Q

what are the 8 sings that warrant removal from play

A

o Actual or suspected LOC
o Seizure
o Tonic posturing
o Ataxia
o Poor balance
o Confusion
o Behavioral changes
o Amnesia

30
Q

what are the 3 r’s as first responders on a sports field

A

recognize
remove
refer

31
Q

what is the assessment tool for concussion

A

concussion recognition tool 6 (across spectrum)
sports concussion assessment tool (SCAT) > 13 years old

32
Q
  • For use by non-medical stakeholders (parents, players, officials, coaches, sports
    administrators)
  • Used to help identify concussion in children, adolescents and adults
  • Not designed to diagnose concussion
  • Provides guidance to for when a player should be removed from play
  • Identify red flags
  • Provides basic guidance regarding management

which assessment tool dos this

A

CRT

33
Q

is teh SCAT 6 a diagnostic on its own ?

A

no

34
Q

t/f: Scoring on the SCAT6 should not be used as a stand-alone method to diagnose
concussion, measure recovery or make decisions about an athlete’s readiness to
return-to-sport after concussion

A

t

35
Q

what are the 5 steps from the immediate assessment for SCAT 6

A

o STEP 1: Observable signs
o STEP 2: GCS
o STEP 3: Cervical spine assessment
o STEP 4: Coordination and ocular/motor screen
o STEP 5: Memory assessment

36
Q

what are the 6 steps for the off field assessment for SCAT 6

A

o STEP 1: Athlete background
o STEP 2: Symptom evaluation
o STEP 3: Cognitive screening
o STEP 4: Coordination and balance assessment
o STEP 5: Memory assessment
o STEP 6: Decision

37
Q

what are the 8 observable signs of a concussion for SCAt 6

A
  1. lying motions less >5 seconds
  2. no protective action
  3. motor incoordainton
  4. disorientation
  5. blank look
  6. facial injury after head trauma
  7. impact seizures
  8. high risk MOI
38
Q

what are red flags from the immediate assessment for SCAT

A

Neck pain or tenderness
Double vision
Weakness or tingling/burning in more than one arm or in the legs
Severe or increasing headaches
Seizure or convulsion
LOC
Deteriorating consciousness
Vomiting
Increased restlessness, agitation or aggressiveness
GCS <15
Visible deformity of the skull

39
Q

for the cervical spine assessment for the SCAT (step 3) what is the 4 yes or no questions

A
  1. Neck pain at rest
  2. Tenderness on palpation
  3. If NO neck pain and NO tenderness, does the athlete have full ACTIVE pain
    free ROM
  4. Are limb strength and sensation normal?
40
Q

for the SCAT , step 4: coordination adn **ocular motor screen **how do u test this

A
  • COORDINATION: Is finger-nose normal for both hands with eyes

OCULAR/MOTOR: Without moving their head or neck, can the patient look side-to-side and up-and-down without double vision open and eyes closed

41
Q

most concussion resolve within how many days in adults

A

10-14

42
Q

what is the Return to sport strategy

A

ymptom limited activity → aerobic exercise → individual sport-specific exercise→ non-contact
training → full contact practice → RTS

43
Q

is strict rest until the complete resolution of concussion good ?

A

nooooo

44
Q

what is persistent post concussion symptoms

A

Symptoms that persist > 10 – 14 days in adults and > 4 weeks in
children

45
Q

what are pre existing risk factors from PPCS

A

• Female gender
• Adolescent
• Hx of personal or family anxiety/depression
• PMHx or family Hx of migraine
• DD or learning disorders
• Pre-existing visual dysfunction

46
Q

what is the main risk factors fr post injury for PPCS

A

continuing to play post concussion

47
Q

wh What causes persistent symptoms following concussion?

A
  1. Cervical spine
  2. Vestibular system
  3. Visual system
  4. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
  5. Psychological factors (mood, anxiety etc.
48
Q

what is the main problem for the peripheral vestibular post concussion

A

BBPV

49
Q

concussionc can causes a direct impact on what CN and an indirect impact on what CN

A
  • Direct impact on vision function: CN II, III, IV, VI
  • Indirect impact on vision function: CN V and VII (trigmenial an facial)
50
Q

what 3 things go into the sensory input for balance and postural control

A

vestibular
visual
proprioceptive

51
Q

what 3 things go into the input integration for balance and postural control

A

cerebellum
cerebral cortex
brain stem

52
Q

what 3 things go into the motor output for balance and postural control for PPCS

A

vestibular ocular reflex
motor impulses for eye
motor impulses for body posture

53
Q

what are symptoms of the autonomic nervous system for PPCS

A

• ↑ HR, ↓HRV, ↓postural BP control
• Temperature flushes/heat tolerance
• Difficulty getting to sleep
• Exacerbation of symptoms (e.g. light headedness, dizziness, headache)
during cognitive &/or physical activity

54
Q

for sub maximal aerobic exercises u want to progress by ___ bpm every __ days

A

5
3

55
Q

what is the HR % from submax aerobic exercises 8

A

0-90%

56
Q

what is the first thing u shoudl do for PPCS treatment

A

rule out cervical spine, visual and vestibular systems first.

if there treat visual then CS then vest

57
Q

what is the CV exercise progression

A

x • Bike → cross-trainer→Mini tramp → treadmill→ outside → RTS

58
Q

what is a clinical condition historically associated with chronic TBI in boxers

A

CTE

NM 2 (17 decks)

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