Lecture 5- Effect of physical and chemical condition on microbial growth Flashcards

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1
Q

what affect does temperature have on microbes?

A

growth

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2
Q

what are cardinal temperatures?

A

minimum, optimum and maximum temperature that an organism can grow at that help characterize organisms

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3
Q

what are the 4 classes of microorganisms based on their growth temperature optima?

A

psychrophile
mesophile
thermophile
hyperthermophile

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4
Q

what is a psycrophile?

A

microorganisms that have an optimal temperature of less than 20 degrees and are thus cold loving

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5
Q

what is the exact optimal temperature of psycrophiles?

A

4 degrees

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6
Q

where do psychrophiles live?

A

permanently cold environments (like arctic)

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7
Q

what molecular adaptations support psychrophiles?

A

production of enzymes that function optimally in the cold
modified cytoplasmic membranes (high unsaturated fatty acid content)

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8
Q

what are other microorganisms that are cold loving?

A

psychrotolerant
extremophiles

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9
Q

at what temperature so psychrotolerant microorganisms grow?

A

optimal temperature is between 20 and 40 degrees
can grow at zero degrees

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10
Q

what is a mesophile? what is the optimal temperature?

A

midrange temperature
optimal temperature is 39 degrees

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11
Q

where are mesophiles found?

A

warm blooded animals
terrestrial and aquatic environments
temperate and tropical

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12
Q

what are thermophiles?

A

heat loving microorganisms

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13
Q

what is the optimal temperature range and optimal temperature of thermophiles?

A

range 45 to 80 degrees
optimal temperature is 60 degrees

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14
Q

where do thermophiles live?

A

hot springs
very active compost piles

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15
Q

what are molecular adaptations of thermophiles?

A

modifications in cytoplasmic membranes to ensure heat stability (bacteria have lipids rich in saturated fatty acids, archaea have lipid monolayer instead of bilayer)

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16
Q

what has more stable enzymes, thermophiles or mesophiles?

A

thermophiles
more stable and have higher activity than mesophiles

17
Q

what are hyperthermophiles?

A

very high temperature

18
Q

what is the optimal range of hyperthermophiles?

A

above 80 degrees
exact optimal temperatures are 88 degrees and 106 degrees

19
Q

where do hyperthermophiles live?

A

boiling hot springs

20
Q

what are hyperthermophiles molecular adaptations?

A

produce hydrolytic enzymes

21
Q

what is another heat loving microorganism

A

extremophiles (grow under very cold or cery hot conditions)

22
Q

at what growth temperature do only prokaryotic life forms exist?

A

~65 degrees (includes archaea and bacteria, NOT FUNGI)

23
Q

what microorganism has the highest optimal temperature?

A

122 degrees (methanopyrus kandleri)

24
Q

what class of growth microbes is the closest descendant of ancient microbes?

A

hyperthermophiles