Lecture 2- Taxis and Eukaryotes Flashcards
what is the difference between eukaryote and prokaryote cell size? what are their typical sizes?
prokaryotic: typically 0.2- 2.0 um diameter
eukaryotic: typically 10-100 um diameter
how much bigger typically are eukaryotes then prokaryotes?
10x bigger
because eukaryotes are bigger, what can be said about them? SA, time to grow
eukaryotes have lower surface area to volume ratio so they need more sophisticated transport mechanisms
grow slower
what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic nucleus?
prokaryotic: no nuclear membrane or nucleolus (nucleoid)
eukaryotic: true nucleus with nuclear membrane and nucleolus
what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane enclosed organelles?
prokaryotic: dont have any
eukaryotic: present membrane enclosed organelles (golgi, mitochondria, chloroplasts…)
what is the difference in ribosomes from prokaryotes to eukaryotes?
prokaryotic: smaller size 70S
eukaryotic: larger size 80S
difference in chromosomal DNA between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
prokaryotes: singular, circular
eukaryotic: multiple linear chromosomes with histones
how do prokaryotes and eukaryotes divide?
prokaryotes: binary fission
eukaryotes: mitosis and meiosis
because eukaryotic cells are more complex internally what do they have that prokaryotes dont? transport and structure?
have a cytoskeleton
intra-cytoplasmic membranes used for transport
what is the purpose of the nucleus?
to hold genetic information
what is genetic information in the nucleus?
multiple linear double stranded DNA chromosomes
what is the purpose of the mitochondria?
site of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation
what does the mitochondria consist of? what is it surrounded by?
70S ribosomes and DNA
surrounded by 2 membranes
what is the purpose of the chloroplast? function
site of photosynthesis
what does the chloroplast contain? what is it surrounded by?
contains chlorophyll, DNA and 70S ribosomes
surrounded by 2 membranes
