Lecture 3- Classes of microorganisms Flashcards

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1
Q

metabolism

A

the sum total of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

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2
Q

difference between catabolic reactions and anabolic reactions?

A

catabolism: energy releasing (break something down)
anabolism: energy requiring (build something up)

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3
Q

microorganisms can be categorized into classes according to what 3 sources?

A

energy source
electron source
carbon source

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4
Q

what are chemorganotrophs?

A

energy source: chemical
electron source: organic chemicals
carbon source: CO2
autotrophs

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5
Q

what are chemolithoheterotrophs?

A

energy source: chemical
electron source: inorganic chemicals
carbon source: organic carbon
heterotrophs

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6
Q

what are phototrophs?

A

energy source: light
electron source: phototrophy (H2O)

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7
Q

what are the basic elements we need to survive?

A

C HOPKNS CaFe Mg

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8
Q

what is in a basic medium? energy source? electron source? carbon source? nitrogen source?

A

energy source: light
electron source: H2O
carbon source: CO2
nitrogen source: N2

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9
Q

can any microbes grow on a basic medium?

A

nitrogen fixing photolithoautotroph can grow
nitrogen and carbon fixation bacteria can grow
ex. cyanobacteria

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10
Q

why would we add other components to a basic medium?

A

to allow growth of other organisms

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11
Q

if we add NH4Cl to a basic medium what can grow? what does NH4Cl give the medium?

A

gives medium N source
allows non nitrogen fixing photolithoautotrophs to grow some chemolithoautotrophs can grow

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12
Q

if we add NH4Cl and glucose to a basic medium what can grow? what does the addition of glucose give us?

A

addition of glucose gives reduced organic carbon source some chemoorganotrophs can grow (ex. E. coli, bacillus)

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13
Q

if we add NH4Cl, glucose and nicotinic acid to a basic medium what can grow? what does the addition of nicotinic acid give us?

A

nicotinic acid gives us vitamins
chemoorganoheterotrophs with a growth factor requirement can grow

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14
Q

if we add Glucose and yeast extract to a basic medium what can grow? what does the addition of yeast extract give us?

A

yeast extract gives us a source of amino acids (N source), purines, pyrimidines and vitamins
very picky organisms can grow (organisms with a lot of requirements)

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15
Q

what are the 3 classes of culture media?

A

defined medium
minimal medium
complex medium

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16
Q

what is a defined medium?

A

exact chemical composition is known (useful to study metabolism)

17
Q

what is a minimal medium?

A

a defined medium that provides the minimum nutritional requirements for growth

18
Q

what is a complex medium? what is it made of? what do they supply?

A

exact chemical composition is not known (undefined)
often made from meat or yeast extracts
supply a wide range of growth factors

19
Q

what does a differential medium do?

A

allows different bacteria to be distinguished (each organism on the plate will show up differently)

20
Q

what is an example of a differential medium? explain how it works

A

blood agar (made of T-soy plate + 5% sheeps blood)
allows for differentiation of hemolytic bacteria

21
Q

what is a selective medium?

A

contains ingredients that inhibit the growth of unwanted microbes (allow only specific microbes to grow)

22
Q

what is an example of a selective medium? explain it

A

mannitol salt agar
contains very high salt so that not many organisms can grow

23
Q

what is an enriched medium?

A

supplemented with special nutrients to encourage the growth of fastidious bacteria and has complex nutrient requirements (require many growth factors)