Lecture 5- Culture and The Self

Question 1

What is culture?

Answer 1

A large social group made up of individuals who are normally in geographic proximity with each other and share common set of beliefs and values

Question 2

Why does culture matter in psychology?

Answer 2

1) as mind and culture are inseparable
2) people are shaped by culture and culture is shaped by them

Question 3

Name two cultures that Markus & Katayama found?

Answer 3

collectivist
individualistic

Question 4

Describe Individualistic culture

Answer 4

1) belief that individuals are independent of each other
2) value autonomy, self-sufficiency, personal rights, unique identity

Question 5

Describe Collectivist culture

Answer 5

1) belief that individuals are interdependent on each other
2) value group well-being, Harmony, common goals, shared values

Question 6

What did Zhu et al (2007) find about brain differences between individualistic and collectivists cultures?

Answer 6

1) Difference is medial prefrontal cortex (self-presentation)
2) different region of the brain activated for when they think about mother and self (USA)

Question 7

How does culture affect cognition?

Answer 7

Nisbett and Miyamoto (2005)

1) Westerners= attended to the salient object independently of its context
2) Easterners= attend to the relationship between object and the context in which it is located (holistic)

Question 8

How do casual attributions differ between culture? Nisbett and Masuda (2003)

Answer 8

1) west- properties of object
2) east- the context

Question 9

How does the temporal perception differ between cognition?

Answer 9

Gu et al (2019)
1) English speaker- past is behind, present in front
2) Chinese speaker- future is behind, past is front

Question 10

What is self-enhancement?

Answer 10

motive to pursue and maintain a positive self- view

Question 11

What is self- improvement?

Answer 11

motive to expand ones abilities and become a better person

Question 12

What did Heine & Hamamura (2007) find about Easterners motivation?

Answer 12

1) self- enhance less
2) more negative terms to describe themselves
3) more realistic about future
4) less self-serving attributions
5) self-improve more

Question 13

how many trait words are in English?

Answer 13

18,000
reduced by the 5 factor model

Question 14

What is the lexical approach on personality?

Answer 14

small set of personality traits is believed to be core

Question 15

What is the 5 factor model?

Answer 15

1) Openness to experience
2) Conscientiousness- disorganised
3) Extraversion
4) Agreeableness
5) Neuroticism (relaxed, moody)

OCEAN

Question 16

What was the indigenous approach to personality traits?

Answer 16

Chinese personality
4 factor model

Question 17

what is the 4 factor model?

Answer 17

1) Dependability- emotional stability
2) Social potency- introvert/extravert
3) Individualism
4) Interpersonal relatedness(harmony, low flexibility)